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Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have been used to model the underlying probability distribution of sample based datasets. GANs are notoriuos for training difficulties and their dependence on arbitrary hyperparameters. One recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-03 Thomas Pinetz , Daniel Soukup , Thomas Pock

In this paper, we investigate the training process of generative networks that use a type of probability density distance named particle-based distance as the objective function, e.g. MMD GAN, Cram\'er GAN, EIEG GAN. However, these GANs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Chuqi Chen , Yue Wu , Yang Xiang

Many scientific systems, such as cellular populations or economic cohorts, are naturally described by probability distributions that evolve over time. Predicting how such a system would have evolved under different forces or initial…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-26 Tristan Luca Saidi , Gonzalo Mena , Larry Wasserman , Florian Gunsilius

Generative Adversarial Nets (GANs) are very successful at modeling distributions from given samples, even in the high-dimensional case. However, their formulation is also known to be hard to optimize and often not stable. While this is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-30 Ishan Deshpande , Ziyu Zhang , Alexander Schwing

The use of optimal transport cost for learning generative models has become popular with Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks (WGAN). Training of WGAN relies on a theoretical background: the calculation of the gradient of the optimal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-04 Antoine Houdard , Arthur Leclaire , Nicolas Papadakis , Julien Rabin

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have been impactful on many problems and applications but suffer from unstable training. The Wasserstein GAN (WGAN) leverages the Wasserstein distance to avoid the caveats in the minmax two-player…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-14 Yao Chen , Qingyi Gao , Xiao Wang

The conventional understanding of adversarial training in generative adversarial networks (GANs) is that the discriminator is trained to estimate a divergence, and the generator learns to minimize this divergence. We argue that despite the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-08-09 Mingxuan Yi , Zhanxing Zhu , Song Liu

Graph generation has emerged as a critical task in fields ranging from drug discovery to circuit design. Contemporary approaches, notably diffusion and flow-based models, have achieved solid graph generative performance through constructing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Keyue Jiang , Jiahao Cui , Xiaowen Dong , Laura Toni

This paper develops a generative model by minimizing the second-order Wasserstein loss (the $W_2$ loss) through a distribution-dependent ordinary differential equation (ODE), whose dynamics involves the Kantorovich potential associated with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-14 Yu-Jui Huang , Zachariah Malik

Wasserstein distance (WD) and the associated optimal transport plan have been proven useful in many applications where probability measures are at stake. In this paper, we propose a new proxy of the squared WD, coined min-SWGG, that is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-31 Guillaume Mahey , Laetitia Chapel , Gilles Gasso , Clément Bonet , Nicolas Courty

We compute the ground state $u$ of the Gross--Pitaevskii equation (GPE) via Wasserstein gradient descent in diffeomorphism space. We represent the density $\rho=u^2$ as the push-forward of a fixed reference measure through a parameterized…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Xiangxiong Zhang , Haomin Zhou

We introduce a new method for training generative adversarial networks by applying the Wasserstein-2 metric proximal on the generators. The approach is based on Wasserstein information geometry. It defines a parametrization invariant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Alex Tong Lin , Wuchen Li , Stanley Osher , Guido Montufar

We propose a new algorithm that uses an auxiliary neural network to express the potential of the optimal transport map between two data distributions. In the sequel, we use the aforementioned map to train generative networks. Unlike WGANs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Vaios Laschos , Jan Tinapp , Klaus Obermayer

Wasserstein gradient flow has emerged as a promising approach to solve optimization problems over the space of probability distributions. A recent trend is to use the well-known JKO scheme in combination with input convex neural networks to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Jiaojiao Fan , Qinsheng Zhang , Amirhossein Taghvaei , Yongxin Chen

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have been successful in producing outstanding results in areas as diverse as image, video, and text generation. Building on these successes, a large number of empirical studies have validated the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Gérard Biau , Maxime Sangnier , Ugo Tanielian

Wasserstein gradient flows provide a powerful means of understanding and solving many diffusion equations. Specifically, Fokker-Planck equations, which model the diffusion of probability measures, can be understood as gradient descent over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Petr Mokrov , Alexander Korotin , Lingxiao Li , Aude Genevay , Justin Solomon , Evgeny Burnaev

We study the quantitative convergence of drift-diffusion PDEs that arise as Wasserstein gradient flows of linearly convex functions over the space of probability measures on ${\mathbb R}^d$. In this setting, the objective is in general not…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-17 Lénaïc Chizat , Maria Colombo , Xavier Fernández-Real

The Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) distance quantifies discrepancy between metric measure spaces and provides a natural framework for aligning heterogeneous datasets. Alas, as exact computation of GW alignment is NP hard, entropic regularization…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-11 Gabriel Rioux , Ziv Goldfeld , Kengo Kato

The Wasserstein space of probability measures is known for its intricate Riemannian structure, which underpins the Wasserstein geometry and enables gradient flow algorithms. However, the Wasserstein geometry may not be suitable for certain…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-05-23 Zhengxin Zhang , Ziv Goldfeld , Kristjan Greenewald , Youssef Mroueh , Bharath K. Sriperumbudur

In this work, we propose a numerical method to compute the Wasserstein Hamiltonian flow (WHF), which is a Hamiltonian system on the probability density manifold. Many well-known PDE systems can be reformulated as WHFs. We use parameterized…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-07-18 Hao Wu , Shu Liu , Xiaojing Ye , Haomin Zhou