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Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models enable general-purpose robotic policies by mapping visual observations and language instructions to low-level actions, but they often lack reliable introspection. A common practice is to compute a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Yanchuan Tang , Taowen Wang , Yuefei Chen , Boxuan Zhang , Qiang Guan , Ruixiang Tang

End-to-end autonomous driving has advanced significantly, offering benefits such as system simplicity and stronger driving performance in both open-loop and closed-loop settings than conventional pipelines. However, existing frameworks…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Wei Liu , Jiyuan Zhang , Binxiong Zheng , Yufeng Hu , Yingzhan Lin , Zengfeng Zeng

Traditional autonomous driving methods adopt a modular design, decomposing tasks into sub-tasks. In contrast, end-to-end autonomous driving directly outputs actions from raw sensor data, avoiding error accumulation. However, training an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Zeyu Dong , Yimin Zhu , Yansong Li , Kevin Mahon , Yu Sun

For end-to-end autonomous driving (E2E-AD), the evaluation system remains an open problem. Existing closed-loop evaluation protocols usually rely on simulators like CARLA being less realistic; while NAVSIM using real-world vision data, yet…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Junqi You , Xiaosong Jia , Zhiyuan Zhang , Yutao Zhu , Junchi Yan

Safe Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms are typically evaluated under fixed training conditions. We investigate whether training-time safety guarantees transfer to deployment under distribution shift, using diabetes management as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Minjae Kwon , Josephine Lamp , Lu Feng

Owing to the merits of early safety and reliability guarantee, autonomous driving virtual testing has recently gains increasing attention compared with closed-loop testing in real scenarios. Although the availability and quality of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Pengliang Ji , Li Ruan , Yunzhi Xue , Limin Xiao , Qian Dong

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown to reach super human-level performance across a wide range of tasks. However, unlike supervised machine learning, learning strategies that generalize well to a wide range of situations remains one of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Sebastian Rietsch , Shih-Yuan Huang , Georgios Kontes , Axel Plinge , Christopher Mutschler

Autonomous driving simulations require highly realistic images. Our preliminary study found that when the CARLA Simulator image was made more like reality by using DCLGAN, the performance of the lane recognition model improved to levels…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Seongjeong Park , Jinu Pahk , Lennart Lorenz Freimuth Jahn , Yongseob Lim , Jinung An , Gyeungho Choi

The end-to-end autonomous driving paradigm has recently attracted lots of attention due to its scalability. However, existing methods are constrained by the limited scale of real-world data, which hinders a comprehensive exploration of the…

Autonomous driving remains a highly active research domain that seeks to enable vehicles to perceive dynamic environments, predict the future trajectories of traffic agents such as vehicles, pedestrians, and cyclists and plan safe and…

Distribution shifts between operational domains can severely affect the performance of learned models in self-driving vehicles (SDVs). While this is a well-established problem, prior work has mostly explored naive solutions such as…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Christopher Diehl , Peter Karkus , Sushant Veer , Marco Pavone , Torsten Bertram

How to explore corner cases as efficiently and thoroughly as possible has long been one of the top concerns in the context of deep reinforcement learning (DeepRL) autonomous driving. Training with simulated data is less costly and dangerous…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Haoyi Niu , Jianming Hu , Zheyu Cui , Yi Zhang

Recent advances in vision language action (VLA) models have shown remarkable potential for autonomous driving by directly mapping multimodal inputs to control signals. However, previous VLA-based methods have not explicitly exploited the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Lijin Yang , Jianing Huang , Zhongzhan Huang , Shu Liu , Hao Yang

End-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving models that take only camera images as input and directly predict a future trajectory are appealing for their computational efficiency and potential for improved generalization via unified optimization;…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Chihiro Noguchi , Takaki Yamamoto

Simulators are indispensable for research in autonomous systems such as self-driving cars, autonomous robots, and drones. Despite significant progress in various simulation aspects, such as graphical realism, an evident gap persists between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Stefanos Pasios , Nikos Nikolaidis

Driving safely requires multiple capabilities from human and intelligent agents, such as the generalizability to unseen environments, the safety awareness of the surrounding traffic, and the decision-making in complex multi-agent settings.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Quanyi Li , Zhenghao Peng , Lan Feng , Qihang Zhang , Zhenghai Xue , Bolei Zhou

As autonomous driving technology matures, safety and robustness of its key components, including trajectory prediction, is vital. Though real-world datasets, such as Waymo Open Motion, provide realistic recorded scenarios for model…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Benjamin Stoler , Ingrid Navarro , Meghdeep Jana , Soonmin Hwang , Jonathan Francis , Jean Oh

For 3D perception systems to operate reliably in real-world environments, they must remain robust to evolving sensor characteristics and changes in object taxonomies. However, existing adaptive learning paradigms struggle in LiDAR settings…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Subeen Lee , Siyeong Lee , Namil Kim , Jaesik Choi

Skill effect models for long-horizon manipulation tasks are prone to failures in conditions not covered by training data distributions. Therefore, enabling robots to reason about and learn from failures is necessary. We investigate the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yixuan Huang , Novella Alvina , Mohanraj Devendran Shanthi , Tucker Hermans

The effects of traffic congestion are widespread and are an impedance to everyday life. Piecewise constant driving policies have shown promise in helping mitigate traffic congestion in simulation environments. However, no works currently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Aamir Hasan , Neeloy Chakraborty , Cathy Wu , Katherine Driggs-Campbell