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Robustness is a critical requirement for deploying autonomous driving systems in the real world. Existing robustness benchmarks for autonomous driving have made important progress in studying the effects of image-level corruptions, such as…

Real-world evaluation of vision-language-action (VLA) policies still rests on binary success rate at a fixed timeout with $N \le 25$ rollouts per condition, almost always without confidence intervals or paired statistical comparison; these…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Sergey Arkhangelskiy

An open question in autonomous driving is how best to use simulation to validate the safety of autonomous vehicles. Existing techniques rely on simulated rollouts, which can be inefficient for finding rare failure events, while other…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Anthony Corso , Ritchie Lee , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

While the capabilities of autonomous driving have advanced rapidly, merging into dense traffic remains a significant challenge, many motion planning methods for this scenario have been proposed but it is hard to evaluate them. Most existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Zhengming Wang , Junli Wang , Pengfei Li , Zhaohan Li , Chunyang Liu , Bo Zhang , Peng Li , Yilun Chen

Autonomous driving policies are typically trained via open-loop behavior cloning of human demonstrations. However, such policies suffer from covariate shift when deployed in closed loop, leading to compounding errors. We introduce Rollouts…

Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication has emerged as a promising paradigm for autonomous driving, enabling connected agents to share complementary perception information and negotiate with each other to benefit the final planning.…

Autonomous Driving (AD) systems demand the high levels of safety assurance. Despite significant advancements in AD demonstrated on open-source benchmarks like Longest6 and Bench2Drive, existing datasets still lack regulatory-compliant…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Jingzheng Li , Tiancheng Wang , Xingyu Peng , Jiacheng Chen , Zhijun Chen , Bing Li , Xianglong Liu

Federated and Continual Learning have emerged as potential paradigms for the robust and privacy-aware use of Deep Learning in dynamic environments. However, Client Drift and Catastrophic Forgetting are fundamental obstacles to guaranteeing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Niklas Babendererde , Moritz Fuchs , Camila Gonzalez , Yuri Tolkach , Anirban Mukhopadhyay

End-to-end driving systems have recently made rapid progress, in particular on CARLA. Independent of their major contribution, they introduce changes to minor system components. Consequently, the source of improvements is unclear. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Bernhard Jaeger , Kashyap Chitta , Andreas Geiger

End-to-end autonomous driving has witnessed rapid progress, yet existing benchmarks are increasingly saturated, with state-of-the-art models achieving near-perfect scores on widely used open-loop and closed-loop benchmarks. This saturation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zhongyu Xia , Guanyu Zhu , Guo Tang , Wenhao Chen , Yongtao Wang

Generalization is a central challenge in autonomous driving, as real-world deployment requires robust performance under unseen scenarios, sensor domains, and environmental conditions. Recent world-model-based planning methods have shown…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Mengmeng Liu , Diankun Zhang , Jiuming Liu , Jianfeng Cui , Hongwei Xie , Guang Chen , Hangjun Ye , Michael Ying Yang , Francesco Nex , Hao Cheng

End-to-end autonomous driving has gained significant attention for its potential to learn robust behavior in interactive scenarios and scale with data. Popular architectures often build on separate modules for perception and planning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-17 David Holtz , Niklas Hanselmann , Simon Doll , Marius Cordts , Bernt Schiele

Current end-to-end deep learning driving models have two problems: (1) Poor generalization ability of unobserved driving environment when diversity of training driving dataset is limited (2) Lack of accident explanation ability when driving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-01 Zhihao Li , Toshiyuki Motoyoshi , Kazuma Sasaki , Tetsuya Ogata , Shigeki Sugano

Current Vision-Language-Action (VLA) paradigms in end-to-end autonomous driving rely on offline training from static datasets, leaving them vulnerable to distribution shift. Recent post-training methods use takeover data to mitigate this by…

In this technical report, we present CarLLaVA, a Vision Language Model (VLM) for autonomous driving, developed for the CARLA Autonomous Driving Challenge 2.0. CarLLaVA uses the vision encoder of the LLaVA VLM and the LLaMA architecture as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Katrin Renz , Long Chen , Ana-Maria Marcu , Jan Hünermann , Benoit Hanotte , Alice Karnsund , Jamie Shotton , Elahe Arani , Oleg Sinavski

Autonomous driving in urban crowds at unregulated intersections is challenging, where dynamic occlusions and uncertain behaviors of other vehicles should be carefully considered. Traditional methods are heuristic and based on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Peide Cai , Sukai Wang , Hengli Wang , Ming Liu

A significant part of contemporary research in autonomous vehicles is dedicated to the development of safety critical systems where state-of-the-art artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, like computer vision (CV), can play a major role.…

Learning from demonstration is widely used for robot navigation, yet it suffers from a fundamental limitation: demonstrations consist predominantly of successful behaviors and provide limited coverage of unsafe states. This limitation leads…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Xianghui Wang , Siwei Cheng , Shanze Wang , Xinming Zhang , Dan Zhang , Wei Zhang

Current autonomous driving (AD) simulations are critically limited by their inadequate representation of realistic and diverse human behavior, which is essential for ensuring safety and reliability. Existing benchmarks often simplify…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Mohan Ramesh , Mark Azer , Fabian B. Flohr

We propose FedDrive v2, an extension of the Federated Learning benchmark for Semantic Segmentation in Autonomous Driving. While the first version aims at studying the effect of domain shift of the visual features across clients, in this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Eros Fanì , Marco Ciccone , Barbara Caputo