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Related papers: Fail2Drive: Benchmarking Closed-Loop Driving Gener…

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Closed-loop evaluation is increasingly critical for end-to-end autonomous driving. Current closed-loop benchmarks using the CARLA simulator rely on manually configured traffic scenarios, which can diverge from real-world conditions,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Haibao Yu , Wenxian Yang , Ruiyang Hao , Chuanye Wang , Jiaru Zhong , Ping Luo , Zaiqing Nie

The planning problem constitutes a fundamental aspect of the autonomous driving framework. Recent strides in representation learning have empowered vehicles to comprehend their surrounding environments, thereby facilitating the integration…

With the rise of vision-language models (VLM), their application for autonomous driving (VLM4AD) has gained significant attention. Meanwhile, in autonomous driving, closed-loop evaluation has become widely recognized as a more reliable…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Xiaosong Jia , Yuqian Shao , Zhenjie Yang , Qifeng Li , Zhiyuan Zhang , Junchi Yan

In an era marked by the rapid scaling of foundation models, autonomous driving technologies are approaching a transformative threshold where end-to-end autonomous driving (E2E-AD) emerges due to its potential of scaling up in the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Xiaosong Jia , Zhenjie Yang , Qifeng Li , Zhiyuan Zhang , Junchi Yan

Real-world autonomous driving (AD) especially urban driving involves many corner cases. The lately released AD simulator CARLA v2 adds 39 common events in the driving scene, and provide more quasi-realistic testbed compared to CARLA v1. It…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Qifeng Li , Xiaosong Jia , Shaobo Wang , Junchi Yan

Collecting a high-quality dataset is a critical task that demands meticulous attention to detail, as overlooking certain aspects can render the entire dataset unusable. Autonomous driving challenges remain a prominent area of research,…

Simulators can generate virtually unlimited driving data, yet imitation learning policies in simulation still struggle to achieve robust closed-loop performance. Motivated by this gap, we empirically study how misalignment between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Long Nguyen , Micha Fauth , Bernhard Jaeger , Daniel Dauner , Maximilian Igl , Andreas Geiger , Kashyap Chitta

Practical autonomous driving requires models that generalize by reasoning through spatial-temporal possibilities to exclude unsafe outcomes. While state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods use parallel planning architectures, they fail to explicitly…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yanhao Wu , Haoyang Zhang , Fei He , Rui Wu , Yanhu Shan , Congpei Qiu , Liang Gao , Wei Ke , Tong Zhang

Autonomous-driving research has recently embraced deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) as a promising framework for data-driven decision making, yet a clear picture of how these algorithms are currently employed, benchmarked and evaluated is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Elahe Delavari , Feeza Khan Khanzada , Jaerock Kwon

Most recent work in autonomous driving has prioritized benchmark performance and methodological innovation over in-depth analysis of model failures, biases, and shortcut learning. This has led to incremental improvements without a deep…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Simon Gerstenecker , Andreas Geiger , Katrin Renz

We present the results of our autonomous racing virtual challenge, based on the newly-released Learn-to-Race (L2R) simulation framework, which seeks to encourage interdisciplinary research in autonomous driving and to help advance the state…

We introduce CARLA, an open-source simulator for autonomous driving research. CARLA has been developed from the ground up to support development, training, and validation of autonomous urban driving systems. In addition to open-source code…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-13 Alexey Dosovitskiy , German Ros , Felipe Codevilla , Antonio Lopez , Vladlen Koltun

End-to-end driving systems have made rapid progress, but have so far not been applied to the challenging new CARLA Leaderboard 2.0. Further, while there is a large body of literature on end-to-end architectures and training strategies, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Julian Zimmerlin , Jens Beißwenger , Bernhard Jaeger , Andreas Geiger , Kashyap Chitta

Learned driving agents often degrade when deployed in unseen environments. This paper studies a deliberately bounded instance of that problem in the CARLA simulator: zero-shot transfer of a closed-loop fixed-route driving agent from Town05…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Feeza Khan Khanzada , Jaerock Kwon

The feasibility of collecting a large amount of expert demonstrations has inspired growing research interests in learning-to-drive settings, where models learn by imitating the driving behaviour from experts. However, exclusively relying on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Jonathan Francis , Bingqing Chen , Weiran Yao , Eric Nyberg , Jean Oh

Integrating large language models (LLMs) into autonomous driving has attracted significant attention with the hope of improving generalization and explainability. However, existing methods often focus on either driving or vision-language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Katrin Renz , Long Chen , Elahe Arani , Oleg Sinavski

Reinforcement Learning (RL) can mitigate the causal confusion and distribution shift inherent to imitation learning (IL). However, applying RL to end-to-end autonomous driving (E2E-AD) remains an open problem for its training difficulty,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Zhenjie Yang , Xiaosong Jia , Qifeng Li , Xue Yang , Maoqing Yao , Junchi Yan

High infraction rates remain the primary bottleneck for end-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving, as evidenced by the low driving scores on the CARLA Leaderboard. Despite collision-related infractions being the dominant failure mode in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Alex Koran , Dimitrios Sinodinos , Hadi Hojjati , Takuya Nanri , Fangge Chen , Narges Armanfard

End-to-end vision-based imitation learning has demonstrated promising results in autonomous driving by learning control commands directly from expert demonstrations. However, traditional approaches rely on either regressionbased models,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Elahe Delavari , Aws Khalil , Jaerock Kwon

Stereo matching plays a crucial role in enabling depth perception for autonomous driving and robotics. While recent years have witnessed remarkable progress in stereo matching algorithms, largely driven by learning-based methods and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Xianda Guo , Chenming Zhang , Ruilin Wang , Youmin Zhang , Wenzhao Zheng , Matteo Poggi , Hao Zhao , Qin Zou , Long Chen
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