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While AI agents demonstrate remarkable capabilities in reasoning and tool use, they remain fundamentally reactive: they compute responses only after explicit user prompts. This paradigm ignores a critical opportunity: the idle time between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Haoyi Hu , Qirong Lyu , Xianghan Kong , Weiwen Liu , Jianghao Lin , Zixuan Guo , Yan Xu , Yasheng Wang , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu

A key trend in Large Reasoning Models (e.g., OpenAI's o3) is the native agentic ability to use external tools such as web browsers for searching and writing/executing code for image manipulation to think with images. In the open-source…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Ziyu Liu , Yuhang Zang , Yushan Zou , Zijian Liang , Xiaoyi Dong , Yuhang Cao , Haodong Duan , Dahua Lin , Jiaqi Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle with mathematical reasoning tasks requiring precise, verifiable computation. While Reinforcement Learning (RL) from outcome-based rewards enhances text-based reasoning, understanding how agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Xinji Mai , Haotian Xu , Zhong-Zhi Li , Xing W , Weinong Wang , Jian Hu , Yingying Zhang , Wenqiang Zhang

Building general-purpose reasoning models using reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) across diverse domains has been widely adopted by frontier open-weight models. However, their training recipes and domain mixtures are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Rafael Pardinas , Ehsan Kamalloo , David Vazquez , Alexandre Drouin

Large Language Models (LLMs) deployed in agentic environments must exercise multiple capabilities across different task instances, where a capability is performing one or more actions in a trajectory that are necessary for successfully…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Hangoo Kang , Tarun Suresh , Jon Saad-Falcon , Azalia Mirhoseini

Prototype-based reconstruction methods for unsupervised anomaly detection utilize a limited set of learnable prototypes which only aggregates insufficient normal information, resulting in undesirable reconstruction. However, increasing the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Ziqing Zhou , Yurui Pan , Lidong Wang , Wenbing Zhu , Mingmin Chi , Dong Wu , Bo Peng

Register-Transfer Level (RTL) verification is a primary bottleneck, consuming 60-70% of development time. While Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise for RTL automation, their performance and research focus have overwhelmingly centered…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Yujie Zhao , Zhijing Wu , Boqin Yuan , Zhongming Yu , Hejia Zhang , Wentao Ni , Chia-Tung Ho , Haoxing Ren , Jishen Zhao

Recently, the frontier of Large Language Model (LLM) capabilities has shifted from single-turn code generation to agentic software engineering-a paradigm where models autonomously navigate, edit, and test complex repositories. While…

Agentic AI enables LLM to dynamically reason, plan, and interact with tools to solve complex tasks. However, agentic workflows often require many iterative reasoning steps and tool invocations, leading to significant operational expense,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Sami Abuzakuk , Anne-Marie Kermarrec , Rishi Sharma , Rasmus Moorits Veski , Martijn de Vos

Large language models have demonstrated exceptional performance, yet struggle with complex tasks such as numerical reasoning, plan generation. Integrating external tools, such as calculators and databases, into large language models (LLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Chenghao Li , Liu Liu , Baosheng Yu , Jiayan Qiu , Yibing Zhan

Large language and vision-language models increasingly power agents that act on a user's behalf through command-line interface (CLI) harnesses. However, most agent benchmarks still rely on synthetic sandboxes, short-horizon tasks,…

Deep learning models are usually black boxes when deployed on machine learning platforms. Prior works have shown that the attributes ($e.g.$, the number of convolutional layers) of a target black-box neural network can be exposed through a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Rongqing Li , Jiaqi Yu , Changsheng Li , Wenhan Luo , Ye Yuan , Guoren Wang

The vision of a broadly capable and goal-directed agent, such as an Internet-browsing agent in the digital world and a household humanoid in the physical world, has rapidly advanced, thanks to the generalization capability of foundation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Yifei Zhou , Qianlan Yang , Kaixiang Lin , Min Bai , Xiong Zhou , Yu-Xiong Wang , Sergey Levine , Erran Li

Agentic large language models often rely on skills, reusable natural language procedures that guide planning, action, and tool use. In practice, skills are typically improved through prompt engineering or by aligning the task LLM itself,…

Large language models (LLMs) fine-tuning shows excellent implications. However, vanilla fine-tuning methods often require intricate data mixture and repeated experiments for optimal generalization. To address these challenges and streamline…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Yang Tang , Ruijie Liu , Yifan Wang , Shiyu Li , Xi Chen

While Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at algorithmic code generation, they struggle with front-end development, where correctness is judged on rendered pixels and interaction. We present ReLook, an agentic, vision-grounded reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yuhang Li , Chenchen Zhang , Ruilin Lv , Ao Liu , Ken Deng , Yuanxing Zhang , Jiaheng Liu , Wiggin Zhou , Bo Zhou

As post-training optimization becomes central to improving large language models, we observe a persistent saturation bottleneck: once models grow highly confident, further training yields diminishing returns. While existing methods continue…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Zehao Chen , Gongxun Li , Tianxiang Ai , Yifei Li , Zixuan Huang , Wang Zhou , Fuzhen Zhuang , Xianglong Liu , Jianxin Li , Deqing Wang , Yikun Ban

SWE-Bench-Verified, a dataset comprising 500 issues, serves as a de facto benchmark for evaluating various large language models (LLMs) on their ability to resolve GitHub issues. But this benchmark may overlap with model training data. If…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Thanosan Prathifkumar , Noble Saji Mathews , Meiyappan Nagappan

The introduction of large language models (LLMs) has enhanced automation in software engineering tasks, including in Model Driven Engineering (MDE). However, using general-purpose LLMs for domain modeling has its limitations. One approach…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Vladyslav Bulhakov , Giordano d'Aloisio , Claudio Di Sipio , Antinisca Di Marco , Davide Di Ruscio

Synthetic data is becoming increasingly important for accelerating the development of language models, both large and small. Despite several successful use cases, researchers also raised concerns around model collapse and drawbacks of…