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Research Agents enable models to gather information from the web using tools to answer user queries, requiring them to dynamically interleave internal reasoning with tool use. While such capabilities can in principle be learned via…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Hansi Zeng , Zoey Li , Yifan Gao , Chenwei Zhang , Xiaoman Pan , Tao Yang , Fengran Mo , Jiacheng Lin , Xian Li , Jingbo Shang

Agentic AI shifts LLM serving from isolated prompt-generation requests to stateful, multi-turn executions that repeatedly invoke the model, call tools, and grow context over time. This paper characterizes ReAct-style agents from both the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yichao Yuan , Ankita Nayak , Souvik Kundu , Nishil Talati

Large language models can follow complex instructions in a single turn, yet over long multi-turn interactions they often lose the thread of instructions, persona, and rules. This degradation has been measured behaviorally but not…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Vardhan Dongre , Joseph Hsieh , Viet Dac Lai , Seunghyun Yoon , Trung Bui , Dilek Hakkani-Tür

Does reinforcement learning genuinely expand what LLM agents can do, or merely make them more reliable? For static reasoning, recent work answers the second: base and RL pass@k curves converge at large k. We ask whether this holds for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Zhiyuan Zhai , Wenjing Yan , Xiaodan Shao , Xin Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly acting as autonomous agents, with function calling (FC) capabilities enabling them to invoke specific tools for tasks. While prior research has primarily focused on improving FC accuracy, little…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Ella Rabinovich , Ateret Anaby-Tavor

Instruction finetuning is standard practice for improving LLM performance, yet it remains unclear whether it enhances reasoning or merely induces surface-level pattern matching. We investigate this by evaluating base and instruction-tuned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Prateek Munjal , Clement Christophe , Ronnie Rajan , Praveenkumar Kanithi

We present Prover Agent, a novel AI agent for automated theorem proving that integrates large language models (LLMs) with a formal proof assistant, Lean. Prover Agent coordinates an informal reasoning LLM, a formal prover model, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Kaito Baba , Chaoran Liu , Shuhei Kurita , Akiyoshi Sannai

Advancing complex reasoning in large language models relies on high-quality, verifiable datasets, yet human annotation remains cost-prohibitive and difficult to scale. Current synthesis paradigms often face a recurring trade-off:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Zhengbo Jiao , Shaobo Wang , Zifan Zhang , Xuan Ren , Wei Wang , Bing Zhao , Hu Wei , Linfeng Zhang

Agentic repository-level code understanding is essential for automating complex software engineering tasks, yet the field lacks reliable benchmarks. Existing evaluations often overlook the long tail topics and rely on popular repositories…

We present a new paradigm for fine-tuning large-scale visionlanguage pre-trained models on downstream task, dubbed Prompt Regularization (ProReg). Different from traditional fine-tuning which easily overfits to the downstream task data,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Beier Zhu , Yulei Niu , Saeil Lee , Minhoe Hur , Hanwang Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in natural language tasks requiring complex reasoning, yet their application in agentic, multi-step reasoning within interactive environments remains a difficult challenge.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Pranav Putta , Edmund Mills , Naman Garg , Sumeet Motwani , Chelsea Finn , Divyansh Garg , Rafael Rafailov

Finetuning on narrow domains has become an essential tool to adapt Large Language Models (LLMs) to specific tasks and to create models with known unusual properties that are useful for research. We show that narrow finetuning creates strong…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Julian Minder , Clément Dumas , Stewart Slocum , Helena Casademunt , Cameron Holmes , Robert West , Neel Nanda

Coding agents are increasingly used as general-purpose problem solvers, but their flexibility does not by itself confer the domain expertise needed for specialized tasks. Recent work addresses this through \textit{agent skills}: reusable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Salaheddin Alzubi , Noah Provenzano , Jaydon Bingham , Weiyuan Chen , Tu Vu

Deep learning models are usually black boxes when deployed on machine learning platforms. Prior works have shown that the attributes (e.g., the number of convolutional layers) of a target black-box model can be exposed through a sequence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Rongqing Li , Jiaqi Yu , Changsheng Li , Wenhan Luo , Ye Yuan , Guoren Wang

Agent Skills, structured packages of procedural knowledge loaded into an LLM agent at inference time, are widely reported to improve task pass rates by an average of 16.2~percentage points across diverse domains. Yet the same benchmarks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Samuel Jacob Chacko , James Hugglestone , Chashi Mahiul Islam , Xiuwen Liu

Adapting LLM agents to domain-specific tool calling remains notably brittle under evolving interfaces. Prompt and schema engineering is easy to deploy but often fragile under distribution shift and strict parsers, while continual…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Youjin Wang , Run Zhou , Rong Fu , Shuaishuai Cao , Hongwei Zeng , Jiaxuan Lu , Sicheng Fan , Jiaqiao Zhao , Liangming Pan

Intelligent agents need to generalize from past experience to achieve goals in complex environments. World models facilitate such generalization and allow learning behaviors from imagined outcomes to increase sample-efficiency. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Danijar Hafner , Timothy Lillicrap , Mohammad Norouzi , Jimmy Ba

While most efforts to improve LLM-based tool-using agents focus on the agent itself - through larger models, better prompting, or fine-tuning - agent performance increasingly plateaus due to the quality of the tool interfaces these agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Ruocheng Guo , Kaiwen Dong , Xiang Gao , Kamalika Das

Can large language models (LLMs) generate continuous numerical features that improve reinforcement learning (RL) trading agents? We build a modular pipeline where a frozen LLM serves as a stateless feature extractor, transforming…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zhengzhe Yang

Question answering has seen significant advances in recent times, especially with the introduction of increasingly bigger transformer-based models pre-trained on massive amounts of data. While achieving impressive results on many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-16 Sathyanarayanan N. Aakur , Sudeep Sarkar