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This study applies Large Language Models (LLMs) to two foundational Electronic Health Record (EHR) data science tasks: structured data querying (using programmatic languages, Python/Pandas) and information extraction from unstructured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Juan Jose Rubio Jan , Jack Wu , Julia Ive

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as transformative tools in medicine, with strong capabilities in language understanding, reasoning, and structured information extraction. Radiation oncology is particularly well suited for LLM…

Objective: Clinical deep phenotyping and phenotype annotation play a critical role in both the diagnosis of patients with rare disorders as well as in building computationally-tractable knowledge in the rare disorders field. These processes…

Pre-consultation is a critical component of effective healthcare delivery. However, generating comprehensive pre-consultation questionnaires from complex, voluminous Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) is a challenging task. Direct Large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Ruiqing Ding , Qianfang Sun , Yongkang Leng , Hui Yin , Xiaojian Li

Professionals in modern healthcare systems are increasingly burdened by documentation workloads. Documentation of the initial patient anamnesis is particularly relevant, forming the basis of successful further diagnostic measures. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Anton Schäfer , Nils Blach , Oliver Rausch , Maximilian Warm , Nils Krüger

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant promise across various natural language processing tasks. However, their application in the field of pathology, particularly for extracting meaningful insights from unstructured medical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Rachit Saluja , Jacob Rosenthal , Yoav Artzi , David J. Pisapia , Benjamin L. Liechty , Mert R. Sabuncu

Objective: Fluoropyrimidines are widely prescribed for colorectal and breast cancers, but are associated with toxicities such as hand-foot syndrome and cardiotoxicity. Since toxicity documentation is often embedded in clinical notes, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Xizhi Wu , Madeline S. Kreider , Philip E. Empey , Chenyu Li , Yanshan Wang

We hypothesize that large language models (LLMs) based on the transformer architecture can enable automated detection of clinical phenotype terms, including terms not documented in the HPO. In this study, we developed two types of models:…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-11-10 Jingye Yang , Cong Liu , Wendy Deng , Da Wu , Chunhua Weng , Yunyun Zhou , Kai Wang

Longitudinal information in radiology reports refers to the sequential tracking of findings across multiple examinations over time, which is crucial for monitoring disease progression and guiding clinical decisions. Many recent automated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Xinyi Wang , Grazziela Figueredo , Ruizhe Li , Xin Chen

In this paper, we present our approach to extracting structured information from unstructured Electronic Health Records (EHR) [2] which can be used to, for example, study adverse drug reactions in patients due to chemicals in their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-30 Amogh Kamat Tarcar , Aashis Tiwari , Vineet Naique Dhaimodker , Penjo Rebelo , Rahul Desai , Dattaraj Rao

Large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4o and o1 have demonstrated strong performance on clinical natural language processing (NLP) tasks across multiple medical benchmarks. Nonetheless, two high-impact NLP tasks - structured tabular…

The application of natural language processing (NLP) to cancer pathology reports has been focused on detecting cancer cases, largely ignoring precancerous cases. Improving the characterization of precancerous adenomas assists in developing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Yizhen Zhong , Jiajie Xiao , Thomas Vetterli , Mahan Matin , Ellen Loo , Jimmy Lin , Richard Bourgon , Ofer Shapira

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into biomedical research offers new opportunities for domainspecific reasoning and knowledge representation. However, their performance depends heavily on the semantic quality of training…

The accurate extraction of clinical information from electronic medical records is particularly critical to clinical research but require much trained expertise and manual labor. In this study we developed a robust system for automated…

Despite their strong linguistic capabilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) are computationally demanding and require substantial resources for fine-tuning, which is unadapted to privacy and budget constraints of many healthcare settings. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Pierre Epron , Adrien Coulet , Mehwish Alam

Language models (LMs) capabilities have grown with a fast pace over the past decade leading researchers in various disciplines, such as biomedical research, to increasingly explore the utility of LMs in their day-to-day applications. Domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Aman Sinha , Bogdan-Valentin Popescu , Xavier Coubez , Marianne Clausel , Mathieu Constant

Clinical trial matching is the task of identifying trials for which patients may be potentially eligible. Typically, this task is labor-intensive and requires detailed verification of patient electronic health records (EHRs) against the…

Emotion recognition from speech is a challenging task that requires capturing both linguistic and paralinguistic cues, with critical applications in human-computer interaction and mental health monitoring. Recent works have highlighted the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-21 Hugo Thimonier , Antony Perzo , Renaud Seguier

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized various sectors, including healthcare where they are employed in diverse applications. Their utility is particularly significant in the context of rare diseases, where data scarcity,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Qiuhao Lu , Rui Li , Andrew Wen , Jinlian Wang , Liwei Wang , Hongfang Liu

Backgrounds: Information extraction (IE) is critical in clinical natural language processing (NLP). While large language models (LLMs) excel on generative tasks, their performance on extractive tasks remains debated. Methods: We…