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The extraction of critical patient information from Electronic Health Records (EHRs) poses significant challenges due to the complexity and unstructured nature of the data. Traditional machine learning approaches often fail to capture…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zhimeng Luo , Abhibha Gupta , Adam Frisch , Daqing He

Research projects, including those focused on cancer, rely on the manual extraction of information from clinical reports. This process is time-consuming and prone to errors, limiting the efficiency of data-driven approaches in healthcare.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 J. Moreno-Casanova , J. M. Auñón , A. Mártinez-Pérez , M. E. Pérez-Martínez , M. E. Gas-López

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to extract clinical data from electronic health records (EHRs), offering significant improvements in scalability and efficiency for real-world data (RWD) curation in oncology. However, the…

Clinical notes contain an extensive record of a patient's health status, such as smoking status or the presence of heart conditions. However, this detail is not replicated within the structured data of electronic health systems.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Andriy Mulyar , Elliot Schumacher , Masoud Rouhizadeh , Mark Dredze

Despite the large number of patients in Electronic Health Records (EHRs), the subset of usable data for modeling outcomes of specific phenotypes are often imbalanced and of modest size. This can be attributed to the uneven coverage of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Mohamed Ghalwash , Zijun Yao , Prithwish Chakraborty , James Codella , Daby Sow

Accurately communicating the side effects of cancer treatments to cancer survivors is critical, particularly in settings such as informed consent, where clinicians must clearly and comprehensively convey potential treatment toxicities.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Natalie Seah , Danielle S. Bitterman , Daphna Spiegel , Thomas Hartvigsen

Pathology reports serve as the definitive record for breast cancer staging, yet their unstructured format impedes large-scale data curation. While Large Language Models (LLMs) offer semantic reasoning, their deployment is often limited by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Jiahao Shao , Anam Nawaz Khan , Christopher Brett , Tom Berg , Xueping Li , Bing Yao

With the rapid advancements in cancer research, the information that is useful for characterizing disease, staging tumors, and creating treatment and survivorship plans has been changing at a pace that creates challenges when physicians try…

Retrieving information from EHR systems is essential for answering specific questions about patient journeys and improving the delivery of clinical care. Despite this fact, most EHR systems still rely on keyword-based searches. With the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Shashi Kant Gupta , Aditya Basu , Bradley Taylor , Anai Kothari , Hrituraj Singh

Medical Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on a wide variety of medical NLP tasks; however, there still lacks a LLM specifically designed for phenotyping identification and diagnosis in cancer domain.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Mingchen Li , Jiatan Huang , Jeremy Yeung , Anne Blaes , Steven Johnson , Hongfang Liu , Hua Xu , Rui Zhang

A common practice in the medical industry is the use of clinical notes, which consist of detailed patient observations. However, electronic health record systems frequently do not contain these observations in a structured format, rendering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Neil Daniel

Ontologies have become essential in today's digital age as a way of organising the vast amount of readily available unstructured text. In providing formal structure to this information, ontologies have immense value and application across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Dekai Zhang , Simone Conia , Antonio Rago

Cancer staging is critical for patient prognosis and treatment planning, yet extracting pathologic TNM staging from unstructured pathology reports poses a persistent challenge. Existing natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yeawon Lee , Christopher C. Yang , Chia-Hsuan Chang , Grace Lu-Yao

Tools to explore scientific literature are essential for scientists, especially in biomedicine, where about a million new papers are published every year. Many such tools provide users the ability to search for specific entities (e.g.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-05 Sunil Mohan , Rico Angell , Nick Monath , Andrew McCallum

Precision medicine has the potential to revolutionize healthcare, but much of the data for patients is locked away in unstructured free-text, limiting research and delivery of effective personalized treatments. Generating large annotated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Nick Altieri , Briton Park , Mara Olson , John DeNero , Anobel Odisho , Bin Yu

Ontologies are essential for structuring domain knowledge, improving accessibility, sharing, and reuse. However, traditional ontology construction relies on manual annotation and conventional natural language processing (NLP) techniques,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xuan Liu , Ziyu Li , Mu He , Ziyang Ma , Xiaoxu Wu , Gizem Yilmaz , Yiyuan Xia , Bingbing Li , He Tan , Jerry Ying Hsi Fuh , Wen Feng Lu , Anders E. W. Jarfors , Per Jansson

Clinical notes contain unstructured representations of patient histories, including the relationships between medical problems and prescription drugs. To investigate the relationship between cancer drugs and their associated symptom burden,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Yujuan Fu , Giridhar Kaushik Ramachandran , Ahmad Halwani , Bridget T. McInnes , Fei Xia , Kevin Lybarger , Meliha Yetisgen , Özlem Uzuner

Identifying medication discontinuations in electronic health records (EHRs) is vital for patient safety but is often hindered by information being buried in unstructured notes. This study aims to evaluate the capabilities of advanced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Chong Shao , Douglas Snyder , Chiran Li , Bowen Gu , Kerry Ngan , Chun-Ting Yang , Jiageng Wu , Richard Wyss , Kueiyu Joshua Lin , Jie Yang

High-throughput phenotyping, the automated mapping of patient signs and symptoms to standardized ontology concepts, is essential to gaining value from electronic health records (EHR) in the support of precision medicine. Despite…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Syed I. Munzir , Daniel B. Hier , Chelsea Oommen , Michael D. Carrithers

Timing of clinical events is central to characterization of patient trajectories, enabling analyses such as process tracing, forecasting, and causal reasoning. However, structured electronic health records capture few data elements critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Jing Wang , Jeremy C Weiss