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Time crystals are time-periodic self-organized structures postulated by Frank Wilczek in 2012. While the original concept was strongly criticized, it stimulated at the same time an intensive research leading to propositions and experimental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-19 Krzysztof Sacha , Jakub Zakrzewski

This paper investigates the possibility of generating Floquet-time crystals in higher dimensions ($d\geq 2$) through the time-periodic driving of integrable free-fermionic models. The realization leads to rigid time-crystal phases that are…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-05-13 Rahul Chandra , Analabha Roy

This paper treats the global existence question for a collection of general relativistic collisionless particles, all having the same mass. The spacetimes considered are globally hyperbolic, with Cauchy surface a 3-torus. Furthermore, the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Marsha Weaver

We consider spacetime to be a 4-dimensional differentiable manifold that can be split locally into time and space. No metric, no linear connection are assumed. Matter is described by classical fields/fluids. We distinguish electrically…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Friedrich W. Hehl , Yuri N. Obukhov

Symmetry is at the heart of much of mathematics, physics, and art. Traditional geometric symmetry groups are defined in terms of isometries of the ambient space of a shape or pattern. If we slightly generalize this notion to allow the…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2025-09-18 Robert A. Hearn , William Kretschmer , Tomas Rokicki , Benjamin Streeter , Eric Vergo

Multipole symmetries are of interest in multiple contexts, from the study of fracton phases, to nonergodic quantum dynamics, to the exploration of new hydrodynamic universality classes. However, prior explorations have focused on continuum…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-12-13 Daniel Bulmash , Oliver Hart , Rahul Nandkishore

Discrete time crystals (DTCs) are new phases of matter characterized by the presence of an observable evolving with $nT$ periodicity under a $T$-periodic Hamiltonian, where $n>1$ is an integer insensitive to small parameter variations. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-17 Pekik Nurwantoro , Raditya Weda Bomantara , Jiangbin Gong

An entirely new and independent enumeration of the crystallographic space groups is given, based on obtaining the groups as fibrations over the plane crystallographic groups, when this is possible. For the 35 ``irreducible'' groups for…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 John Conway , Olaf Delgado Friedrichs , Daniel H. Huson , William P. Thurston

Various exotic topological phases of Floquet systems have been shown to arise from crystalline symmetries. Yet, a general theory for Floquet topology that is applicable to all crystalline symmetry groups is still in need. In this work, we…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-10-15 Jiabin Yu , Rui-Xing Zhang , Zhi-Da Song

As is well known, crystals have discrete space translational symmetry. It was recently noticed that one-dimensional crystals possibly have discrete Poincar\'{e} symmetry, which contains discrete Lorentz and discrete time translational…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-03-30 Xiuwen Li , Jiaxue Chai , Huixian Zhu , Pei Wang

Accelerating inverse design of crystalline materials with generative models has significant implications for a range of technologies. Unlike other atomic systems, 3D crystals are invariant to discrete groups of isometries called the space…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-10-27 Rees Chang , Angela Pak , Alex Guerra , Ni Zhan , Nick Richardson , Elif Ertekin , Ryan P. Adams

Time crystals, a phase showing spontaneous breaking of time-translation symmetry, has been an intriguing subject for systems far away from equilibrium. Recent experiments found such a phase both in the presence and absence of localization,…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2018-03-21 Biao Huang , Ying-Hai Wu , W. Vincent Liu

We analyze classical and quantum dynamics of a particle in 2d spacetimes with constant curvature which are locally isometric but globally different. We show that global symmetries of spacetime specify the symmetries of physical phase-space…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 George Jorjadze , Włodzimierz Piechocki

In analogy with crystalline solids around us, Wilczek recently proposed the idea of "time crystals" as phases that spontaneously break the continuous time translation into a discrete subgroup. The proposal stimulated further studies and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-26 Haruki Watanabe , Masaki Oshikawa

A spacetime crystal is a phase of matter that spontaneously develops periodic order in both space and time. Spacetime crystals have been experimentally observed in microscopic quantum many-body systems and, very recently, in a mesoscopic…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-03-11 Guoqing Liu , Jimin Bai , Matteo Baggioli , Jie Zhang

We analytically identify a new class of quantum scars protected by spatiotemporal translation symmetries, dubbed Floquet-Bloch scars. They distinguish from previous (quasi-)static scars by a rigid spectral pairing only possible in Floquet…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2022-09-20 Biao Huang , Tsz-Him Leung , Dan Stamper-Kurn , W. Vincent Liu

Time crystals are an enigmatic phase of matter in which a quantum mechanical system displays repetitive, observable motion - they spontaneously break the time translation symmetry. On the other hand optomechanical systems, where mechanical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-20 J. T. Mäkinen , P. J. Heikkinen , S. Autti , V. V. Zavjalov , V. B. Eltsov

Those fundamental physical properties, such as phase transitions, Weyl fermions, and spin excitation, in all magnetic ordered materials, were ultimately believed to rely on the symmetry theory of magnetic space groups. Recently, it has come…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-09-04 Xiaobing Chen , Jun Ren , Yanzhou Zhu , Yutong Yu , Ao Zhang , Pengfei Liu , Jiayu Li , Yuntian Liu , Caiheng Li , Qihang Liu

Time crystalline structures are characterized by regularity that single-particle or many-body systems manifest in the time domain, closely resembling the spatial regularity of ordinary space crystals. Here we show that time and space…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2021-03-17 Giedrius Žlabys , Chu-hui Fan , Egidijus Anisimovas , Krzysztof Sacha

The absolute/relative debate on the nature of space and time is ongoing for thousands of years. Here we attempt to investigate space and time from the information theoretic point of view to understand spatial and temporal correlations under…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-22 Tian Zhang