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Grid-forming (GFM) inverters are essential for enhancing stability in modern power systems with high penetration of inverter-based resources (IBRs). However, their performance highly depends on control parameters tuning, particularly the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-15 Kyung-Bin Kwon , Min Gyung Yu , Sayak Mukherjee , Timothy I. Salsbury

We consider the problem of grid-forming control of power converters in low-inertia power systems. Starting from an average-switch three-phase inverter model, we draw parallels to a synchronous machine (SM) model and propose a novel…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-04-27 Catalin Arghir , Taouba Jouini , Florian Dorfler

With the development of renewable energy sources, power systems are gradually evolving into a system comprising both grid-forming (GFM) and grid-following (GFL) converters. However, the dynamic interaction between the two types of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-03 Kehao Zhuang , Huanhai Xin , Hangyu Chen , Linbin Huang

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) that enables the control of the wireless propagation environment has been looked upon as a promising technology for boosting the spectrum and energy efficiency in future wireless communication systems.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-26 Samith Abeywickrama , Rui Zhang , Chau Yuen

The increasing integration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) into the power grid introduces new challenges, requiring detailed electromagnetic transient (EMT) studies to analyze system interactions. Despite these needs, access to the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-25 Andres Intriago , Alexandros Paspatis , Francesco Liberati , Charalambos Konstantinou

The ever-increasing use of renewable energy sources has underlined the role of power electronic converters as an interface between these resources and the power grid. One application of these converters is in three-phase inverters utilized…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-02 Arash Esfandiari , Mohammad Naser Hashemnia

Grid-following (GFL) inverters are commonly used for integrating renewable energy sources into power grids. However, the dynamic performance of GFL models can be significantly impacted by the Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) in a weak grid, leading…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-03 Phuoc Sang Nguyen , Ghavameddin Nourbakhsh , Gerard Ledwich

Grid-interfacing inverters act as the interface between renewable resources and the electric grid, and have the potential to offer fast and programmable controls compared to synchronous generators. With this flexibility there has been…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-25 Trager Joswig-Jones , Baosen Zhang

As inverter-based generation becomes more common in distribution networks, it is important to create models for use in optimization-based problems that accurately represent their non-linear behavior when saturated. This work presents models…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-08 Thabiso R. Mabote , Jose E. Tabarez , Arthur K. Barnes , Adam Mate , Russell W. Bent , Eduardo Cotilla-Sanchez

Grid-forming (GFM) inverters are expected in future inverter-dominated grids. In such grids, time-domain protection schemes, for example those based on instantaneous incremental quantities (IQs), are being advocated as potential solutions…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-14 Henrik Johansson , Qianli Xing , Nathaniel Taylor , Xiongfei Wang

Recovery of power flow to critical infrastructures, after grid failure, is a crucial need arising in scenarios that are increasingly becoming more frequent. This article proposes a power transition and recovery strategy by proposing a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-02 Soham Chakraborty , Sourav Patel , Murti V Salapaka

Inverter-based resources (IBRs) are becoming increasingly prevalent in power systems. Due to the inherently low inertia of inverters, there is a heightened risk of disruptive voltage oscillations. A particular challenge in the operation of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-21 Zixiao Ma , Baosen Zhang

The increasing penetration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) has fundamentally altered the transient stability characteristics of modern power systems. IBRs typically rely on proportional--integral (PI) controllers for synchronization and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-28 Yifan Zhang , Hsiao-Dong Chiang , Yitong Li , Yang Wu

The growing integration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) into modern power systems poses significant challenges for maintaining reliable operation under dynamic and constrained conditions. This paper focuses on the power tracking problem…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-17 Zixiao Ma , Baosen Zhang

The method of flow tracing follows the power flow from net-generating sources through the network to the net-consuming sinks, which allows to assign the usage of the underlying transmission infrastructure to the system participants. This…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-11-09 Jonas Hörsch , Mirko Schäfer , Sarah Becker , Stefan Schramm , Martin Greiner

Purpose:This article advocates for the development of a next-generation grid monitoring and control system designed for future grids dominated by inverter-based resources. Leveraging recent progress in generative artificial intelligence…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-28 Lang Tong , Xinyi Wang , Qing Zhao

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) that enables the control of wireless propagation environment has recently emerged as a promising cost-effective technology for boosting the spectrum and energy efficiency in future wireless communication…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Samith Abeywickrama , Rui Zhang , Qingqing Wu , Chau Yuen

This paper investigates voltage stability in inverter-based power systems concerning fold and saddle-node bifurcations. An analytical expression is derived for the sensitivity of the stability margin using the normal vector to the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-10 Sushobhan Chatterjee , Sijia Geng

This paper focuses on the challenging task of bottom-up restoration in a complete blackout system using Grid-forming (GFM) converters. Challenges arise due to the limited current capability of power converters, resulting in distinct dynamic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-27 Zexian Zeng , Prajwal Bhagwat , Maryam Saeedifard , Dominic Groß

Synchronous generators and inverter-based resources are complex systems with dynamics that cut across multiple intertwined physical domains and control loops. Modeling individual generators and inverters is, in itself, a very involved…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-26 D. Venkatramanan , Manish K. Singh , Olaolu Ajala , Alejandro Dominguez-Garcia , Sairaj Dhople