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Counterfactual examples (CFs) are one of the most popular methods for attaching post-hoc explanations to machine learning (ML) models. However, existing CF generation methods either exploit the internals of specific models or depend on each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Ziheng Chen , Fabrizio Silvestri , Jia Wang , He Zhu , Hongshik Ahn , Gabriele Tolomei

This paper presents a reproducible and process-aware pipeline for predictive monitoring of clinical pathways. The approach integrates data lifting, temporal reconstruction, event log construction, prefix-based representations, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Pasquale Ardimento , Mario Luca Bernardi , Marta Cimitile , Samuele Latorre

Clinical data usually cannot be freely distributed due to their highly confidential nature and this hampers the development of machine learning in the healthcare domain. One way to mitigate this problem is by generating realistic synthetic…

Contrastive learning (CL), a self-supervised learning approach, can effectively learn visual representations from unlabeled data. Given the CL training data, generative models can be trained to generate synthetic data to supplement the real…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Yawen Wu , Zhepeng Wang , Dewen Zeng , Yiyu Shi , Jingtong Hu

We introduce a FEVER-like dataset COVID-Fact of $4,086$ claims concerning the COVID-19 pandemic. The dataset contains claims, evidence for the claims, and contradictory claims refuted by the evidence. Unlike previous approaches, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Arkadiy Saakyan , Tuhin Chakrabarty , Smaranda Muresan

Counterfactual learning has become promising for understanding and modeling causality in complex and dynamic systems. This paper presents a novel method for counterfactual learning in the context of multivariate time series analysis and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Gianlucca Zuin , Adriano Veloso

Developing algorithms for real-life problems that perform well in practice highly depends on the availability of realistic data for testing. Obtaining real-life data for optimization problems in health care, however, is often difficult.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-08 Tabea Brandt , Christina Büsing , Johanna Leweke , Finn Seesemann , Sina Weber

Due to the limited availability of medical data, deep learning approaches for medical image analysis tend to generalise poorly to unseen data. Augmenting data during training with random transformations has been shown to help and became a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-04 Tian Xia , Pedro Sanchez , Chen Qin , Sotirios A. Tsaftaris

Developing models that are capable of answering questions of the form "How would x change if y had been z?'" is fundamental to advancing medical image analysis. Training causal generative models that address such counterfactual questions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Yasin Ibrahim , Hermione Warr , Konstantinos Kamnitsas

Treatment protocols, disease understanding, and viral characteristics changed over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic; as a result, the risks associated with patient comorbidities and biomarkers also changed. We add to the conversation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Benjamin Lengerich , Mark E. Nunnally , Yin Aphinyanaphongs , Rich Caruana

We consider after-study statistical inference for sequentially designed experiments wherein multiple units are assigned treatments for multiple time points using treatment policies that adapt over time. Our goal is to provide inference…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-10 Raaz Dwivedi , Katherine Tian , Sabina Tomkins , Predrag Klasnja , Susan Murphy , Devavrat Shah

Estimating heterogeneous treatment effects with machine learning has attracted substantial attention in both academic research and industrial practice. However, the two communities often evaluate models under markedly different conditions.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 George Panagopoulos

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising approach to generate treatment policies for sepsis patients in intensive care. While retrospective evaluation metrics show decreased mortality when these policies are followed, studies with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Unnseo Park , Venkatesh Sivaraman , Adam Perer

Inferring the timing and amplitude of perturbations in epidemiological systems from their stochastically spread low-resolution outcomes is as relevant as challenging. It is a requirement for current approaches to overcome the need to know…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Jose M. G. Vilar , Leonor Saiz

Along with the increasing availability of health data has come the rise of data-driven models to inform decision-making and policy. These models have the potential to benefit both patients and health care providers but can also exacerbate…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-16 Solvejg Wastvedt , Jared Huling , Julian Wolfson

Counterfactual reasoning from logged data has become increasingly important for many applications such as web advertising or healthcare. In this paper, we address the problem of learning stochastic policies with continuous actions from the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-24 Houssam Zenati , Alberto Bietti , Matthieu Martin , Eustache Diemert , Pierre Gaillard , Julien Mairal

Generative models have been showing potential for producing data in mass. This study explores the enhancement of clinical natural language processing performance by utilizing synthetic data generated from advanced language models. Promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Shan Chen , Jack Gallifant , Marco Guevara , Yanjun Gao , Majid Afshar , Timothy Miller , Dmitriy Dligach , Danielle S. Bitterman

Recent contrastive methods show significant improvement in self-supervised learning in several domains. In particular, contrastive methods are most effective where data augmentation can be easily constructed e.g. in computer vision.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Konstantinos Kallidromitis , Denis Gudovskiy , Kazuki Kozuka , Iku Ohama , Luca Rigazio

Prescriptive Process Monitoring (PresPM) is the subfield of Process Mining that focuses on optimizing processes through real-time interventions based on event log data. Evaluating PresPM methods is challenging due to the lack of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jakob De Moor , Hans Weytjens , Johannes De Smedt

In recent years, healthcare professionals are increasingly emphasizing on personalized and evidence-based patient care through the exploration of prognostic pathways. To study this, structured clinical variables from Electronic Health…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Sudeshna Jana , Tirthankar Dasgupta , Lipika Dey