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We study the Gilbert-Shannon-Reeds model for riffle shuffles and ask 'How many times must a deck of cards be shuffled for the deck to be in close to random order?'. In 1992, Bayer and Diaconis gave a solution which gives exact and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-05-29 Sami Assaf , Persi Diaconis , K. Soundararajan

We consider a card guessing game with complete feedback. An ordered deck of $n$ cards labeled $1$ up to $n$ is riffle-shuffled exactly one time. Given a value $p\in(0{,}1)\setminus\{\frac12\}$, the riffle shuffle is assumed to be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-13 Markus Kuba

We study the time that the simple exclusion process on the complete graph needs to reach equilibrium in terms of total variation distance. For the graph with n vertices and 1<<k<n/2 particles we show that the mixing time is of order…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-12-14 Hubert Lacoin , Remi Leblond

We investigate the mixing time of the capacity $k$ simple exclusion process (also called the partial exclusion process) of Schultz and Sandow with $m$ particles on a segment of length $N$. We show that the $k$-SEP exhibits cutoff at time…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-01-17 Eyob Tsegaye

We consider a card guessing game with complete feedback. An ordered deck of $n$ cards labeled $1$ up to $n$ is shelf-shuffled exactly one time. One after the other a single card is drawn from the shuffled deck. The guesser makes has guess…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-24 Markus Kuba

Consider a permutation $\sigma\in S_n$ as a deck of cards numbered from 1 to $n$ and laid out in a row, where $\sigma_j$ denotes the number of the card that is in the $j$-th position from the left.\rm\ We define two cyclic to random…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-04-11 Ross G. Pinsky

This paper considers the effect of riffle shuffling on decks of cards, allowing for some cards to be indistinguishable from other cards. The dual problem of dealing a game with hands, such as bridge or poker, is also considered. The…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-02-10 Mark Conger , Jason Howald

This paper studies the random walk on the hypercube $(\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z})^n$ which at each step flips $k$ randomly chosen coordinates. We prove that the mixing time for this walk is of order $\frac{n}{k} \log n$. We also prove that if…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-09-21 Evita Nestoridi

In this paper, we investigate the properties of a random walk on the alternating group $A_n$ generated by $3$-cycles of the form $(i,n-1,n)$ and $(i,n,n-1)$. We call this the transpose top-$2$ with random shuffle. We find the spectrum of…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-01-05 Subhajit Ghosh

We prove asymptotic equivalents for finite-level representations of symmetric groups, that is, for Young diagrams having all but finitely many boxes on their first row. We deduce that random walks on symmetric groups generated by conjugacy…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-28 Lucas Teyssier

E. Thorp introduced the following card shuffling model. Suppose the number of cards $n$ is even. Cut the deck into two equal piles. Drop the first card from the left pile or from the right pile according to the outcome of a fair coin flip.…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-12-16 Ben Morris

Let a deck of n cards be shuffled by successively exchanging the cards in positions 1, 2, ..., n with cards in randomly chosen positions. We show that for n equal to 18 or greater, the identity permutation is the most likely. We prove a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-19 Daniel Goldstein , David Moews

Consider a randomly shuffled deck of $2n$ cards with $n$ red cards and $n$ black cards. We study the average number of moves it takes to go from a randomly shuffled deck to a deck that alternates in color by performing the following move:…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-10-09 Joel Brewster Lewis , Mehr Rai

The Card-Cyclic-to-Random shuffle on $n$ cards is defined as follows: at time $t$ remove the card with label $t$ mod $n$ and randomly reinsert it back into the deck. Pinsky introduced this shuffle and asked how many steps are needed to mix…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-07-17 Ben Morris , Weiyang Ning , Yuval Peres

Discovered in the context of card shuffling by Aldous, Diaconis and Shahshahani, the cutoff phenomenon has since then been established in a variety of Markov chains. However, proving cutoff remains a delicate affair, which requires a…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-03-02 Justin Salez

Inspired by a common technique for shuffling a deck of cards on a table without riffling, we formalize the pile shuffle and investigate its capabilities as a sorting device. Our study is novel in that we consider pile shuffle in three…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-03 Kyle B. Treleaven

The cutoff phenomenon for an ergodic Markov chain describes a sharp transition in the convergence to its stationary distribution, over a negligible period of time, known as cutoff window. We study the cutoff phenomenon for simple random…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-07-10 Ali Pourmiri , Thomas Sauerwald

The thesis consider the mixing of few (3-4) card shuffling as well as of large (52 card) deck. The thesis is showing the limit on the shuffling to homogeneity elaborated in short program; the thesis is in italian.

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-07-28 Benjamin Isac Fargion

We consider the biased card shuffling and the Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process (ASEP) on the segment. We obtain the asymptotic of their mixing times: our result show that these two continuous-time Markov chains display cutoff. Our…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-05-09 Cyril Labbé , Hubert Lacoin

The cutoff phenomenon describes a sharp transition in the convergence of a family of ergodic finite Markov chains to equilibrium. Many natural families of chains are believed to exhibit cutoff, and yet establishing this fact is often…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-12-19 Eyal Lubetzky , Allan Sly