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We propose to align distributional data from the perspective of Wasserstein means. We raise the problem of regularizing Wasserstein means and propose several terms tailored to tackle different problems. Our formulation is based on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-24 Liang Mi , Wen Zhang , Yalin Wang

Flow matching has recently emerged as a flexible and efficient framework for generative modelling by learning deterministic transport dynamics between probability measures. In this work, we extend flow matching to the space of probability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Moritz Piening , Richard Duong , Gabriele Steidl

We develop the theory of a metric, which we call the $\nu$-based Wasserstein metric and denote by $W_\nu$, on the set of probability measures $\mathcal P(X)$ on a domain $X \subseteq \mathbb{R}^m$. This metric is based on a slight…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-09-16 Luca Nenna , Brendan Pass

Many applications in machine learning involve data represented as probability distributions. The emergence of such data requires radically novel techniques to design tractable gradient flows on probability distributions over this type of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Clément Bonet , Christophe Vauthier , Anna Korba

We study distribution-on-distribution regression problems in which a response distribution depends on multiple distributional predictors. Such settings arise naturally in applications where the outcome distribution is driven by several…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-08 Yuanying Chen , Tongyu Li , Yang Bai , Zhenhua Lin

We present a novel multiscale framework for analyzing sequences of probability measures in Wasserstein spaces over Euclidean domains. Exploiting the intrinsic geometry of optimal transport, we construct a multiscale transform applicable to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-13 Wael Mattar , Nir Sharon

We consider the optimization problem of minimizing a functional defined over a family of probability distributions, where the objective functional is assumed to possess a variational form. Such a distributional optimization problem arises…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Zhuoran Yang , Yufeng Zhang , Yongxin Chen , Zhaoran Wang

Generative modeling typically concerns transporting a single source distribution to a target distribution via simple probability flows. However, in fields like computer graphics and single-cell genomics, samples themselves can be viewed as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Doron Haviv , Aram-Alexandre Pooladian , Dana Pe'er , Brandon Amos

We develop a novel clustering method for distributional data, where each data point is regarded as a probability distribution on the real line. For distributional data, it has been challenging to develop a clustering method that utilizes…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-24 Ryo Okano , Masaaki Imaizumi

Data consisting of time-indexed distributions of cross-sectional or intraday returns have been extensively studied in finance, and provide one example in which the data atoms consist of serially dependent probability distributions.…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-24 Chao Zhang , Piotr Kokoszka , Alexander Petersen

We present a nonparametric framework to model a short sequence of probability distributions that vary both due to underlying effects of sequential progression and confounding noise. To distinguish between these two types of variation and…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-02-08 Jonas Mueller , Tommi Jaakkola , David Gifford

We study the estimation problem of distribution-on-distribution regression, where both predictors and responses are probability measures. Existing approaches typically rely on a global optimal transport map or tangent-space linearization,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-17 Inga Girshfeld , Xiaohui Chen

Efficiently aggregating data from different sources is a challenging problem, particularly when samples from each source are distributed differently. These differences can be inherent to the inference task or present for other reasons:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Matthew Staib , Sebastian Claici , Justin Solomon , Stefanie Jegelka

Wasserstein geometry and information geometry are two important structures to be introduced in a manifold of probability distributions. Wasserstein geometry is defined by using the transportation cost between two distributions, so it…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-01-01 Shun-ichi Amari , Takeru Matsuda

We study optimization problems whereby the optimization variable is a probability measure. Since the probability space is not a vector space, many classical and powerful methods for optimization (e.g., gradients) are of little help. Thus,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-18 Nicolas Lanzetti , Antonio Terpin , Florian Dörfler

Learning conditional densities and identifying factors that influence the entire distribution are vital tasks in data-driven applications. Conventional approaches work mostly with summary statistics, and are hence inadequate for a…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-13 Chengliang Tang , Nathan Lenssen , Ying Wei , Tian Zheng

We develop a notion of projections between sets of probability measures using the geometric properties of the 2-Wasserstein space. It is designed for general multivariate probability measures, is computationally efficient to implement, and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-04 Florian Gunsilius , Meng Hsuan Hsieh , Myung Jin Lee

This paper introduces Wasserstein variational inference, a new form of approximate Bayesian inference based on optimal transport theory. Wasserstein variational inference uses a new family of divergences that includes both f-divergences and…

This paper is focused on the statistical analysis of data consisting of a collection of multiple series of probability measures that are indexed by distinct time instants and supported over a bounded interval of the real line. By modeling…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-05 Yiye Jiang , Jérémie Bigot

We introduce a new formulation for differential equation describing dynamics of measures on an Euclidean space, that we call Measure Differential Equations with sources. They mix two different phenomena: on one side, a transport-type term,…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2018-09-11 Benedetto Piccoli , Francesco Rossi