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Typical high quality text-to-speech (TTS) systems today use a two-stage architecture, with a spectrum model stage that generates spectral frames and a vocoder stage that generates the actual audio. High-quality spectrum models usually…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-04-05 Qing He , Zhiping Xiu , Thilo Koehler , Jilong Wu

Although lip-to-speech synthesis (L2S) has achieved significant progress in recent years, current state-of-the-art methods typically rely on intermediate representations such as mel-spectrograms or discrete self-supervised learning (SSL)…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-13 Yifan Liang , Andong Li , Kang Yang , Guochen Yu , Fangkun Liu , Lingling Dai , Xiaodong Li , Chengshi Zheng

Speech-to-Speech (S2S) models have shown promising dialogue capabilities, but their ability to handle paralinguistic cues - such as emotion, tone, and speaker attributes - and to respond appropriately in both content and style remains…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-09 Shu-wen Yang , Ming Tu , Andy T. Liu , Xinghua Qu , Hung-yi Lee , Lu Lu , Yuxuan Wang , Yonghui Wu

Current speech-based LLMs are predominantly trained on extensive ASR and TTS datasets, excelling in tasks related to these domains. However, their ability to handle direct speech-to-speech conversations remains notably constrained. These…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Robin Shing-Hei Yuen , Timothy Tin-Long Tse , Jian Zhu

Simultaneous speech translation (SST) outputs translations in parallel with streaming speech input, balancing translation quality and latency. While large language models (LLMs) have been extended to handle the speech modality, streaming…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Keqi Deng , Wenxi Chen , Xie Chen , Philip C. Woodland

Current dialogue generation approaches typically require the complete dialogue text before synthesis and produce a single, inseparable speech containing all voices, making them unsuitable for interactive chat; moreover, they suffer from…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Kun Xie , Feiyu Shen , Junjie Li , Fenglong Xie , Xu Tang , Yao Hu

Direct Speech-to-Speech Translation (S2ST) has gained increasing attention for its ability to translate speech from one language to another, while reducing error propagation and latency inherent in traditional cascaded pipelines. However,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-23 Lalaram Arya , Mrinmoy Bhattacharjee , Adarsh C. R. , S. R. Mahadeva Prasanna

Linear sequence modeling approaches, such as linear attention, provide advantages like linear-time training and constant-memory inference over sequence lengths. However, existing sequence parallelism (SP) methods are either not optimized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Weigao Sun , Disen Lan , Yiran Zhong , Xiaoye Qu , Yu Cheng

Recent advancements in visual speech recognition (VSR) have promoted progress in lip-to-speech synthesis, where pre-trained VSR models enhance the intelligibility of synthesized speech by providing valuable semantic information. The success…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yifan Liang , Fangkun Liu , Andong Li , Xiaodong Li , Chengshi Zheng

Real-time speech synthesis requires balancing inference latency and acoustic fidelity for interactive applications. Conventional continuous text-to-speech pipelines require computationally intensive neural vocoders to reconstruct phase…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-15 Tianhui Su , Tien-Ping Tan , Salima Mdhaffar , Yannick Estève , Aghilas Sini

This paper proposes a non-autoregressive extension of our previously proposed sequence-to-sequence (S2S) model-based voice conversion (VC) methods. S2S model-based VC methods have attracted particular attention in recent years for their…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Hirokazu Kameoka , Kou Tanaka , Takuhiro Kaneko

End-to-end speech-in speech-out dialogue systems are emerging as a powerful alternative to traditional ASR-LLM-TTS pipelines, generating more natural, expressive responses with significantly lower latency. However, these systems remain…

Current end-to-end spoken language models (SLMs) have made notable progress, yet they still encounter considerable response latency. This delay primarily arises from the autoregressive generation of speech tokens and the reliance on complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Yuhao Wang , Ziyang Cheng , Heyang Liu , Ronghua Wu , Qunshan Gu , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

The latency bottleneck of traditional text-to-speech (TTS) systems fundamentally hinders the potential of streaming large language models (LLMs) in conversational AI. These TTS systems, typically trained and inferenced on complete…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Richard He Bai , Zijin Gu , Tatiana Likhomanenko , Navdeep Jaitly

CleanS2S is a framework for human-like speech-to-speech interaction that advances conversational AI through single-file implementation and proactive dialogue capabilities. Our system integrates automatic speech recognition, large language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yudong Lu , Yazhe Niu , Shuai Hu , Haolin Wang

Streaming voice conversion has become increasingly popular for its potential in real-time applications. The recently proposed DualVC 2 has achieved robust and high-quality streaming voice conversion with a latency of about 180ms.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-13 Ziqian Ning , Shuai Wang , Pengcheng Zhu , Zhichao Wang , Jixun Yao , Lei Xie , Mengxiao Bi

Recent works have shown that modelling raw waveform directly from text in an end-to-end (E2E) fashion produces more natural-sounding speech than traditional neural text-to-speech (TTS) systems based on a cascade or two-stage approach.…

This paper introduces a parallel and asynchronous Transformer framework designed for efficient and accurate multilingual lip synchronization in real-time video conferencing systems. The proposed architecture integrates translation, speech…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Eren Caglar , Amirkia Rafiei Oskooei , Mehmet Kutanoglu , Mustafa Keles , Mehmet S. Aktas

Speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) converts input speech to speech in another language. A challenge of delivering S2ST in real time is the accumulated delay between the translation and speech synthesis modules. While recently incremental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Danni Liu , Changhan Wang , Hongyu Gong , Xutai Ma , Yun Tang , Juan Pino

Significant progress has been made in speaker dependent Lip-to-Speech synthesis, which aims to generate speech from silent videos of talking faces. Current state-of-the-art approaches primarily employ non-autoregressive sequence-to-sequence…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Neha Sahipjohn , Neil Shah , Vishal Tambrahalli , Vineet Gandhi