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Language agents increasingly act as web-enabled systems that search, browse, and synthesize information from diverse sources. However, these sources can include unreliable or adversarial content, and the robustness of agents to adversarial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Shrey Shah , Levent Ozgur

Verifying the credibility of Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) is essential for reliable cybersecurity defense. However, traditional approaches typically treat this task as a static classification problem, relying on handcrafted features or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Fengxiao Tang , Huan Li , Ming Zhao , Zongzong Wu , Shisong Peng , Tao Yin

The weaponization of LLMs for automated malware generation poses an existential threat to conventional detection paradigms. AI-generated malware exhibits polymorphic, metamorphic, and context-aware evasion capabilities that render…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-11 George Edwards , Mahdi Eslamimehr

Despite rapid progress, Video Large Language Models (Video-LLMs) remain unreliable due to hallucinations, which are outputs that contradict either video evidence (faithfulness) or verifiable world knowledge (factuality). Existing benchmarks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Junqi Yang , Yuecong Min , Jie Zhang , Shiguang Shan , Xilin Chen

High-risk industries like nuclear and aviation use real-time monitoring to detect dangerous system conditions. Similarly, Large Language Models (LLMs) need monitoring safeguards. We propose a real-time framework to predict harmful AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Maheep Chaudhary , Fazl Barez

Subjective evaluation of LLM behavior -- empathy, restraint, calibrated emotional tone -- is hard. Human inter-rater agreement on such qualities saturates near rho ~ 0.45, and an LLM-as-judge proxy alone risks circularity: a judge sharing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yuming , Huang , Yao Liu , Lei Wang , Junchen Wan

Tool-using LLM agents must act on untrusted webpages, emails, files, and API outputs while issuing privileged tool calls. Existing defenses often mediate trust at the granularity of an entire tool invocation, forcing a brittle choice in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Linfeng Fan , Ziwei Li , Yuan Tian , Yichen Wang , Rongsheng Li , Xiong Wang

We present a framework for verifying the deterministic structured computations surrounding a large language model rather than the model itself, extending a Lean 4 trust-boundary architecture to the generic interfaces of modern LLM…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-19 George Koomullil

While explicit Chain-of-Thought (CoT) empowers large reasoning models (LRMs), it enables the generation of riskier final answers. Current alignment paradigms primarily rely on externally enforced compliance, optimizing models to detect…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yi Zhang , Yuxin Chen , Leheng Sheng , Dongcheng Zhang , Chaochao Lu , Xiang Wang , An Zhang

Operating LLMs as coordinated multi-agent research systems over multi-hour runs surfaces failure modes that single-shot evaluation cannot: upstream providers throttle without warning, sub-agents drift the task to fit accessible tools,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Sasank Annapureddy

Ensuring that collections of natural-language facts are globally consistent is essential for tasks such as fact-checking, summarization, and knowledge base construction. While Large Language Models (LLMs) can assess the consistency of small…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Paul He , Elke Kirschbaum , Shiva Kasiviswanathan

Security Operations Centers (SOCs) face mounting operational challenges. These challenges come from increasing threat volumes, heterogeneous SIEM platforms, and time-consuming manual triage workflows. We present an end-to-end threat…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Md Hasan Saju , Akramul Azim

Data containing personal information is increasingly used to train, fine-tune, or query Large Language Models (LLMs). Text is typically scrubbed of identifying information prior to use, often with tools such as Microsoft's Presidio or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Nataša Krčo , Zexi Yao , Matthieu Meeus , Yves-Alexandre de Montjoye

Analyzing Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) from large volumes of data is critical for drafting and publishing comprehensive CTI reports. This process usually follows a three-stage workflow -- triage, deep search and TI drafting. While Large…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Xiangsen Chen , Xuan Feng , Shuo Chen , Matthieu Maitre , Sudipto Rakshit , Diana Duvieilh , Ashley Picone , Nan Tang

We introduce the Cyber Defense Benchmark, a benchmark for measuring how well large language model (LLM) agents perform the core SOC analyst task of threat hunting: given a database of raw Windows event logs with no guided questions or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Alankrit Chona , Igor Kozlov , Ambuj Kumar

LLM-based code interpreter agents are increasingly deployed in critical workflows, yet their robustness against risks introduced by their code execution capabilities remains underexplored. Existing benchmarks are limited to static datasets…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Lei Ba , Qinbin Li , Songze Li

Large language models (LLMs) are widely used for code generation, but their security reliability remains inconsistent across languages and prompting strategies. Existing prompt engineering improves functional correctness but rarely ensures…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Mohammed F. Kharma , Mohammad Alkhanafseh , Ahmed Sabbah , David Mohaisen

This project explores large language models (LLMs) for anomaly detection across heterogeneous log sources. Traditional intrusion detection systems suffer from high false positive rates, semantic blindness, and data scarcity, as logs are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Yassine Chagna , Antal Goldschmidt

High-privilege LLM agents that autonomously process external documentation are increasingly trusted to automate tasks by reading and executing project instructions, yet they are granted terminal access, filesystem control, and outbound…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Ching-Yu Kao , Xinfeng Li , Shenyu Dai , Tianze Qiu , Pengcheng Zhou , Eric Hanchen Jiang , Philip Sperl

Recent proposals advocate using keystroke timing signals, specifically the coefficient of variation ($\delta$) of inter-keystroke intervals, to distinguish human-composed text from AI-generated content. We demonstrate that this class of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-27 David Condrey