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LLM applications are AI systems whose nondeterministic outputs and evolving model behavior make traditional testing insufficient for release governance. We present an automated self-testing framework that introduces quality gates with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Alexandre Cristovão Maiorano

LLM-based software engineering assistants fail not only by producing incorrect outputs, but also by allocating trust to the wrong artifact when code, documentation, and tests disagree. Existing evaluations focus mainly on downstream…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Noshin Ulfat , Ahsanul Ameen Sabit , Soneya Binta Hossain

Modern AI agents execute real-world side effects through tool calls such as file operations, shell commands, HTTP requests, and database queries. A single unsafe action, including accidental deletion, credential exposure, or data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Chenglin Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved unprecedented fluency but remain susceptible to "hallucinations" - the generation of factually incorrect or ungrounded content. This limitation is particularly critical in high-stakes domains where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Md. Asraful Haque , Aasar Mehdi , Maaz Mahboob , Tamkeen Fatima

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has become the de facto method to elicit reasoning capabilities from large language models (LLMs). However, to mitigate hallucinations in CoT that are notoriously difficult to detect, current methods such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Chengwu Liu , Ye Yuan , Yichun Yin , Yan Xu , Xin Xu , Zaoyu Chen , Yasheng Wang , Lifeng Shang , Qun Liu , Ming Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) remain acutely vulnerable to prompt injection and related jailbreak attacks; heuristic guardrails (rules, filters, LLM judges) are routinely bypassed. We present Contextual Integrity Verification (CIV), an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Aayush Gupta

Insider threats continue to present a major challenge for the information security community. Despite constant research taking place in this area; a substantial gap still exists between the requirements of this community and the solutions…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-25 Adam James Hall , Nikolaos Pitropakis , William J Buchanan , Naghmeh Moradpoor

Artificial intelligence systems based on large language models (LLMs) can now generate coherent text, music, and images, yet they operate without a persistent state: each inference reconstructs context from scratch. This paper introduces…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Stefano Natangelo

Current LLM agent benchmarks, which predominantly focus on binary pass/fail tasks such as code generation or search-based question answering, often neglect the value of real-world engineering that is often captured through the iterative…

With the rapid advancement of generative AI, synthetic content across images, videos, and audio has become increasingly realistic, amplifying the risk of misinformation. Existing detection approaches predominantly focus on binary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Xu Yang , Qi Zhang , Shuming Jiang , Yaowen Xu , Zhaofan Zou , Hao Sun , Xuelong Li

The rapid proliferation of LLM-based autonomous agents in real operating system environments introduces a new category of safety risk beyond content safety: behavior jailbreak, where an adversary induces an agent to execute dangerous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Chiyu Zhang , Huiqin Yang , Bendong Jiang , Xiaolei Zhang , Yiran Zhao , Ruyi Chen , Lu Zhou , Xiaogang Xu , Jiafei Wu , Liming Fang , Zhe Liu

Generative artificial intelligence now synthesizes photorealistic imagery, audio, and video at a cost that defeats traditional forensic intuition. The legal consequences span three regimes studied so far in isolation: international…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Gustav Olaf Yunus Laitinen-Fredriksson Lundström-Imanov , Nurana Abdullayeva

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly utilized in clinical reasoning and risk assessment. However, their interpretive reliability in critical and indeterminate domains such as psychiatry remains unclear. Prior work has identified…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Shevya Panda , Shinjini Bose , Ananya Joshi

Detection systems that utilize machine learning are progressively implemented at Security Operations Centers (SOCs) to help an analyst to filter through high volumes of security alerts. Practically, such systems tend to reveal probabilistic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Israt Jahan Chowdhury , Md Abu Yousuf Tanvir

The $\textit{LLM-as-a-judge}$ paradigm has become the operational backbone of automated AI evaluation pipelines, yet rests on an unverified assumption: that judges evaluate text strictly on its semantic content, impervious to surrounding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Manan Gupta , Inderjeet Nair , Lu Wang , Dhruv Kumar

Extracting MITRE ATT&CK techniques from cyber threat intelligence (CTI) reports is an open-set, multi-label problem requiring both high recall (not missing techniques) and high precision (not hallucinating unsupported ones). Existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yutong Cheng , Changze Li , Raihan Sultan Pasha Basuki , Qian Cui , Wei Ding , Peng Gao

Log-based insider threat detection (ITD) detects malicious user activities by auditing log entries. Recently, large language models (LLMs) with strong common sense knowledge have emerged in the domain of ITD. Nevertheless, diverse activity…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Chengyu Song , Linru Ma , Jianming Zheng , Jinzhi Liao , Hongyu Kuang , Lin Yang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in domains where errors carry high social, scientific, or safety costs. Yet standard confidence estimators, such as token likelihood, semantic similarity and multi-sample consistency,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Pengyue Yang , Jiawen Wen , Haolin Jin , Linghan Huang , Huaming Chen , Ling Chen

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into autonomous agents has enabled complex tool use, yet in high-stakes domains, these systems must strictly adhere to regulatory standards beyond simple functional correctness. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Da Song , Yuheng Huang , Boqi Chen , Tianshuo Cong , Randy Goebel , Lei Ma , Foutse Khomh

Insider threats pose a significant challenge to organizational security, often evading traditional rule-based detection systems due to their subtlety and contextual nature. This paper presents an AI-powered Insider Risk Management (IRM)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Lokesh Koli , Shubham Kalra , Rohan Thakur , Anas Saifi , Karanpreet Singh