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Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have helped facilitate exciting progress for robotic planning in real, open-world environments. 3D scene graphs (3DSGs) offer a promising environment representation for grounding such…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Meghan Booker , Grayson Byrd , Bethany Kemp , Aurora Schmidt , Corban Rivera

3D layout tasks have traditionally concentrated on geometric constraints, but many practical applications demand richer contextual understanding that spans social interactions, cultural traditions, and usage conventions. Existing methods…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Yuto Asano , Naruya Kondo , Tatsuki Fushimi , Yoichi Ochiai

Although LLMs demonstrate proficiency in several text-based reasoning and planning tasks, their implementation in robotics control is constrained by significant deficiencies: (1) LLM agents are designed to work mainly with textual inputs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Shuang Ao , Flora D. Salim , Simon Khan

The automated generation of layouts is vital for embodied intelligence and autonomous systems, supporting applications from virtual environment construction to home robot deployment. Current approaches, however, suffer from spatial…

Embodied agents operating in household environments must interpret ambiguous and under-specified human instructions. A capable household robot should recognize ambiguity and ask relevant clarification questions to infer the user intent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Ram Ramrakhya , Matthew Chang , Xavier Puig , Ruta Desai , Zsolt Kira , Roozbeh Mottaghi

Vision-language models (VLMs) have recently emerged as powerful representation learning systems that align visual observations with natural language concepts, offering new opportunities for semantic reasoning in safety-critical autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Ross Greer , Maitrayee Keskar , Angel Martinez-Sanchez , Parthib Roy , Shashank Shriram , Mohan Trivedi

In this study, our goal is to create interactive avatar agents that can autonomously plan and animate nuanced facial movements realistically, from both visual and behavioral perspectives. Given high-level inputs about the environment and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Duomin Wang , Bin Dai , Yu Deng , Baoyuan Wang

Decades of cognitive science establish that humans navigate environments by forming cognitive maps, defined as allocentric and topology-preserving representations of 3D space. While modern Vision-Language Models (VLMs) demonstrate emergent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Haoming Wang , Wei Gao

Recent advancements in Generative AI, particularly in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), offer new possibilities for integrating cognitive planning into robotic systems. In this work, we present a novel…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Arjun P S , Andrew Melnik , Gora Chand Nandi

Traditional visual storytelling is complex, requiring specialized knowledge and substantial resources, yet often constrained by human creativity and creation precision. While Large Language Models (LLMs) enhance visual storytelling, current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Yuzhou Huang , Yiran Qin , Shunlin Lu , Xintao Wang , Rui Huang , Ying Shan , Ruimao Zhang

Embodied reasoning is inherently viewpoint-dependent: what is visible, occluded, or reachable depends critically on where the agent stands. However, existing spatial memory systems for embodied agents typically store either multi-view…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 JooHyun Park , HyeongYeop Kang

Equipping embodied agents with commonsense is important for robots to successfully complete complex human instructions in general environments. Recent large language models (LLM) can embed rich semantic knowledge for agents in plan…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Zhenyu Wu , Ziwei Wang , Xiuwei Xu , Jiwen Lu , Haibin Yan

Real-world data collection for embodied agents remains costly and unsafe, calling for scalable, realistic, and simulator-ready 3D environments. However, existing scene-generation systems often rely on rule-based or task-specific pipelines,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Hongchi Xia , Xuan Li , Zhaoshuo Li , Qianli Ma , Jiashu Xu , Ming-Yu Liu , Yin Cui , Tsung-Yi Lin , Wei-Chiu Ma , Shenlong Wang , Shuran Song , Fangyin Wei

In Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN), an embodied agent needs to reach a target destination with the only guidance of a natural language instruction. To explore the environment and progress towards the target location, the agent must…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-26 Federico Landi , Lorenzo Baraldi , Massimiliano Corsini , Rita Cucchiara

Vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved strong performance in multimodal understanding and reasoning, yet grounded reasoning in 3D scenes remains underexplored. Effective 3D reasoning hinges on accurate grounding: to answer open-ended…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Henry Zheng , Chenyue Fang , Rui Huang , Siyuan Wei , Xiao Liu , Gao Huang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) exhibit strong visual reasoning capabilities, yet they still struggle with 3D understanding. In particular, VLMs often fail to infer a text-consistent goal 6D pose of a target object in a 3D scene. However, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Sangwon Baik , Gunhee Kim , Mingi Choi , Hanbyul Joo

Vision-language model (VLM) fine-tuning for application-specific visual grounding based on natural language instructions has become one of the most popular approaches for learning-enabled autonomous systems. However, such fine-tuning relies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Joshua R. Waite , Md. Zahid Hasan , Qisai Liu , Zhanhong Jiang , Chinmay Hegde , Soumik Sarkar

Vision Language Models (VLMs) demonstrate significant potential as embodied AI agents for various mobility applications. However, a standardized, closed-loop benchmark for evaluating their spatial reasoning and sequential decision-making…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Weizhen Wang , Chenda Duan , Zhenghao Peng , Yuxin Liu , Bolei Zhou

Embodied agents powered by vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly capable of executing complex real-world tasks, yet they remain vulnerable to hazardous instructions that may trigger unsafe behaviors. Runtime safety guardrails,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Le Wang , Zonghao Ying , Xiao Yang , Quanchen Zou , Zhenfei Yin , Tianlin Li , Jian Yang , Yaodong Yang , Aishan Liu , Xianglong Liu

The integration of large language models (LLMs) with embodied agents has improved high-level reasoning capabilities; however, a critical gap remains between semantic understanding and physical execution. While vision-language-action (VLA)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Rongfeng Zhao , Xuanhao Zhang , Zhaochen Guo , Xiang Shao , Zhongpan Zhu , Bin He , Jie Chen