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All cognitive agents are composite beings. Specifically, complex living agents consist of cells, which are themselves competent sub-agents navigating physiological and metabolic spaces. Behavior science, evolutionary developmental biology,…
Complex change is often described as "evolutionary" in economics, policy, and technology, yet most system dynamics models remain constrained to fixed state spaces and equilibrium-seeking behavior. This paper argues that evolutionary…
Social simulation is essential for understanding collective human behavior by modeling how individual interactions give rise to large-scale social dynamics. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled multi-agent frameworks…
We evolve binary mux-6 trees for up to 100000 generations evolving some programs with more than a hundred million nodes. Our unbounded Long-Term Evolution Experiment LTEE GP appears not to evolve building blocks but does suggests a limit to…
Determination of functions for poorly characterized genes is crucial for understanding biological processes and studying human diseases. Functionally associated genes are often gained and lost together through evolution. Therefore…
In this paper we propose an approach for measuring growth of complexity of emerging patterns in complex systems such as cellular automata. We discuss several ways how a metric for measuring the complexity growth can be defined. This…
In this paper we introduce a new data-driven run-time monitoring system for analysing the behaviour of time evolving complex systems. The monitor controls the evolution of the whole system but it is mined from the data produced by its…
LLMs are increasingly deployed to simulate social interactions, yet many of the existing simulators remain ad hoc and monolithic. This lack of architectural standardization prevents reproducible research and complicates downstream…
From the formation of snowflakes to the evolution of diverse life forms, emergence is ubiquitous in our universe. In the quest to understand how complexity can arise from simple rules, abstract computational models, such as cellular…
When researchers claim AI systems possess ToM or mental models, they are fundamentally discussing behavioral predictions and bias corrections rather than genuine mental states. This position paper argues that the current discourse conflates…
Natural evolution gives the impression of leading to an open-ended process of increasing diversity and complexity. If our goal is to produce such open-endedness artificially, this suggests an approach driven by evolutionary metaphor. On the…
Large language models (LLMs) are being used to solve planning problems that require search. Most of the literature uses LLMs as world models to define the search space, forgoing soundness for the sake of flexibility. A recent work, Thought…
Neural Architecture Search (NAS) aims to automatically discover high-performing deep neural network (DNN) architectures. However, conventional algorithm-driven NAS relies on carefully hand-crafted search spaces to ensure executability,…
Theory of Mind (ToM) is a hallmark of human cognition, allowing individuals to reason about others' beliefs and intentions. Engineers behind recent advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have claimed to demonstrate comparable…
This chapter investigates the evolutionary ecology of software, focusing on the symbiotic relationship between software and innovation. An interplay between constraints, tinkering, and frequency-dependent selection drives the complex…
In this study, we explored the progression trajectories of artificial intelligence (AI) systems through the lens of complexity theory. We challenged the conventional linear and exponential projections of AI advancement toward Artificial…
Models obtained by decision tree induction techniques excel in being interpretable.However, they can be prone to overfitting, which results in a low predictive performance. Ensemble techniques are able to achieve a higher accuracy. However,…
The issue of how to create open-ended evolution in an artificial system is one the open problems in artificial life. This paper examines two of the factors that have some bearing on this issue, using the Tierra artificial life system. {\em…
The idea that there are any large-scale trends in the evolution of biological organisms is highly controversial. It is commonly believed, for example, that there is a large-scale trend in evolution towards increasing complexity, but…
This paper presents a high-level conceptual framework to help orient the discussion and implementation of open-endedness in evolutionary systems. Drawing upon earlier work by Banzhaf et al., three different kinds of open-endedness are…