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As the era of large language models (LLMs) unfolds, Preference Optimization (PO) methods have become a central approach to aligning LLMs with human preferences and improving performance. We propose Maximum a Posteriori Preference…

Model-based optimization approaches for monitoring and control, such as model predictive control and optimal state and parameter estimation, have been used for decades in many engineering applications. Models describing the dynamics,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-31 Johannes Pohlodek , Bruno Morabito , Christian Schlauch , Pablo Zometa , Rolf Findeisen

Human preference alignment is critical in building powerful and reliable large language models (LLMs). However, current methods either ignore the multi-dimensionality of human preferences (e.g. helpfulness and harmlessness) or struggle with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Xingzhou Lou , Junge Zhang , Jian Xie , Lifeng Liu , Dong Yan , Kaiqi Huang

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a promising approach for aligning large language models with human preferences. While prior work mainly extends DPO from the aspect of the objective function, we instead improve DPO from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Xun Deng , Han Zhong , Rui Ai , Fuli Feng , Zheng Wang , Xiangnan He

This paper addresses the problem of constrained multi-objective optimization over black-box objective functions with practitioner-specified preferences over the objectives when a large fraction of the input space is infeasible (i.e.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Alaleh Ahmadianshalchi , Syrine Belakaria , Janardhan Rao Doppa

In this article, we present a framework for taking into account user preferences in multi-objective Bayesian optimization in the case where the objectives are expensive-to-evaluate black-box functions. A novel expected improvement criterion…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-09-17 Paul Feliot , Julien Bect , Emmanuel Vazquez

Ankle push-off largely contributes to limb energy generation in human walking, leading to smoother and more efficient locomotion. Providing this net positive work to an amputee requires an active prosthesis, but has the potential to enable…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Rachel Gehlhar , Aaron D. Ames

Bayesian optimization is an effective method for finding extrema of a black-box function. We propose a new type of Bayesian optimization for learning user preferences in high-dimensional spaces. The central assumption is that the underlying…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-08-17 Petrus Mikkola , Milica Todorović , Jari Järvi , Patrick Rinke , Samuel Kaski

Real-life combinatorial optimization problems often involve several conflicting objectives, such as price, product quality and sustainability. A computationally-efficient way to tackle multiple objectives is to aggregate them into a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Marianne Defresne , Jayanta Mandi , Tias Guns

Design of active orthosis is a challenging problem from both the dynamic simulation and control points of view. The redundancy problem of the simultaneous human-orthosis actuation is an interesting exercise to solve concerning the…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2012-06-11 S. H. HosseinNia , F. Romero , I. Tejado , F. J. Alonso , B. M. Vinagre

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a class of sample-efficient global optimization methods, where a probabilistic model conditioned on previous observations is used to determine future evaluations via the optimization of an acquisition function.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Eric Hans Lee , David Eriksson , Bolong Cheng , Michael McCourt , David Bindel

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a widely popular approach for the hyperparameter optimization (HPO) in machine learning. At its core, BO iteratively evaluates promising configurations until a user-defined budget, such as wall-clock time or…

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on human preferences, typically through reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), has proven successful in enhancing their capabilities. However, ensuring the safety of LLMs during…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Wenxuan Zhang , Philip H. S. Torr , Mohamed Elhoseiny , Adel Bibi

Designing preference elicitation (PE) methodologies that can quickly ascertain a user's top item preferences in a cold-start setting is a key challenge for building effective and personalized conversational recommendation (ConvRec) systems.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-21 David Eric Austin , Anton Korikov , Armin Toroghi , Scott Sanner

Offline preference-based reinforcement learning (RL), which focuses on optimizing policies using human preferences between pairs of trajectory segments selected from an offline dataset, has emerged as a practical avenue for RL applications.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Chen-Xiao Gao , Shengjun Fang , Chenjun Xiao , Yang Yu , Zongzhang Zhang

Optimization for different tasks like material characterization, synthesis, and functional properties for desired applications over multi-dimensional control parameters need a rapid strategic search through active learning such as Bayesian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Arpan Biswas , Hiroshi Funakubo , Yongtao Liu

Preference optimization methods like DPO have achieved remarkable performance in LLM alignment. However, the evaluation for these methods relies on a single response and overlooks other potential outputs, which could also be generated in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Yifu Huo , Chenglong Wang , Qiren Zhu , Shunjie Xing , Tong Xiao , Chunliang Zhang , Tongran Liu , Jinbo Zhu

Learning for control can acquire controllers for novel robotic tasks, paving the path for autonomous agents. Such controllers can be expert-designed policies, which typically require tuning of parameters for each task scenario. In this…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Akshara Rai , Rika Antonova , Franziska Meier , Christopher G. Atkeson

This work addresses the challenge of personalizing trajectories generated in automated decision-making systems by introducing a resource-efficient approach that enables rapid adaptation to individual users' preferences. Our method leverages…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Wen Zheng Terence Ng , Jianda Chen , Yuan Xu , Tianwei Zhang

Recent progress in text-conditioned human motion generation has been largely driven by diffusion models trained on large-scale human motion data. Building on this progress, recent methods attempt to transfer such models for character…

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