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The Eastin-Knill theorem states that no quantum error correcting code can have a universal set of transversal gates. For CSS codes that can implement Clifford gates transversally it suffices to provide one additional non-Clifford gate, such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-15 Christophe Piveteau , David Sutter , Sergey Bravyi , Jay M. Gambetta , Kristan Temme

Quantum coherence in a qubit is vulnerable to environmental noise. When long quantum calculation is run on a quantum processor without error correction, the noise often causes fatal errors and messes up the calculation. Here, we propose…

Fault-tolerant quantum computing requires high-fidelity logical magic states for implementing non-Clifford operations. Magic-state cultivation provides a lower-overhead route to logical magic-state preparation, but its efficiency is limited…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Dongmin Kim , Jeonggeun Seo , Aniket Patra , Youngsun Han

Current quantum computing hardware is restricted by the availability of only few, noisy qubits which limits the investigation of larger, more complex molecules in quantum chemistry calculations on quantum computers in the near-term. In this…

With the advent of physical qubits exhibiting strong noise bias, it becomes increasingly relevant to identify which quantum gates can be efficiently implemented on error-correcting codes designed to address a single dominant error type.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-09 Victor Barizien , Hugo Jacinto , Nicolas Sangouard

Quantum error correction represents a significant advancement in large-scale quantum computing. However, achieving fault-tolerant implementations of non-Clifford logical gates with reduced overhead remains a challenge in the popular surface…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-29 Zhi-Cheng He , Zheng-Yuan Xue

In universal fault-tolerant quantum computing, implementing logical non-Clifford gates often demands substantial spacetime resources for many error-correcting codes, including the high-threshold surface code. A critical mission for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-07 Sheng-Jie Huang , Alison Warman , Sakura Schafer-Nameki , Yanzhu Chen

Measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC) offers a promising paradigm for photonic quantum computing, but its implementation requires the generation of specific non-Gaussian resource states. While continuous-variable encodings such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-22 G. P. Teja , Radim Filip

Bivariate bicycle (BB) codes are a prominent class of quantum LDPC codes constructed from group algebras. While the logical dimension and quantum distance of \emph{coprime} BB codes are known to be determined by a greatest common divisor…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Mohammad Rowshan

Virtual distillation is an error-mitigation technique that reduces quantum-computation errors without assuming the noise type. In scenarios where the user of a quantum circuit is required to additionally employ peripherals, such as delay…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-04 Yong Siah Teo , Seongwook Shin , Hyukgun Kwon , Seok-Hyung Lee , Hyunseok Jeong

Quantum error correcting codes protect quantum information, allowing for large quantum computations provided that physical error rates are sufficiently low. We combine post-selection with surface code error correction through the use of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-23 Samuel C. Smith , Benjamin J. Brown , Stephen D. Bartlett

Magic is a property of quantum states that enables universal fault-tolerant quantum computing using simple sets of gate operations. Understanding the mechanisms by which magic is created or destroyed is, therefore, a crucial step towards…

We study the computational power of unitary Clifford circuits with solely magic state inputs (CM circuits), supplemented by classical efficient computation. We show that CM circuits are hard to classically simulate up to multiplicative…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-19 Mithuna Yoganathan , Richard Jozsa , Sergii Strelchuk

Color-code quantum computation seamlessly combines Majorana-based hardware with topological error correction. Specifically, as Clifford gates are transversal in two-dimensional color codes, they enable the use of the Majoranas' nonabelian…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-11-09 Daniel Litinski , Felix von Oppen

In this letter, we introduce a method to synthesize an $n$-qubit Clifford unitary $C$ from the stabilizer tableau of its inverse $C\dag$, using ancilla qubits and measurements. The procedure uses ancillary $|+\rangle$ states,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-26 Sowmitra Das

Fault-tolerant Z rotations by pi/2^k are important as they arise in numerous quantum algorithms, most notably those involving quantum Fourier transforms. We describe surface code implementations of two recently described methods of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-06-20 Prashant Mishra , Austin Fowler

We present a construction method for complete sets of cyclic mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) in Hilbert spaces of even prime power dimensions. In comparison to usual complete sets of MUBs, complete cyclic sets possess the additional property…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-06-22 Oliver Kern , Kedar S. Ranade , Ulrich Seyfarth

Fourier states are multi-qubit registers that facilitate phase rotations in fault-tolerant quantum computing. We propose distillation protocols for constructing the fundamental, $n$-qubit Fourier state with error $O(2^{-n})$ at a cost of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-14 Cody Jones

Random party distillation refers to the process by which Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs are randomly extracted from a single copy of a multipartite entangled state after multiple rounds of performing positive operator value measure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-13 Alexander C. B. Greenwood , Jackson Russett , Hoi-Kwong Lo , Li Qian

The development of a framework for quantifying "non-stabiliserness" of quantum operations is motivated by the magic state model of fault-tolerant quantum computation, and by the need to estimate classical simulation cost for noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-05 James R. Seddon , Earl T. Campbell