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Logical T state preparation is a major overhead source in fault tolerant architectures built from stabilizer operations. Existing protocols, however, are reported under different code families, noise models, postselection rules, and cost…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-27 Jianshuo Gao , Xiao Yuan , Yuan Yao

We analyse the problem of distillation of entanglement of mixed states in higher dimensional compound systems. Employing the positive maps method [M. Horodecki et al., Phys. Lett. A 223 1 (1996)] we introduce and analyse a criterion of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-03 Michal Horodecki , Pawel Horodecki

Fault-tolerant protocols enable large and precise quantum algorithms. Many such protocols rely on a feed-forward processing of data, enabled by a hybrid of quantum and classical logic. Representing the control structure of such programs can…

We present a breeding protocol that distills pure copies of any stabilizer state from noisy copies and a pool of predistilled pure copies of the same state, by means of local Clifford operations, Pauli measurements and classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Erik Hostens , Jeroen Dehaene , Bart De Moor

Uncontrolled interactions with the environment introduce errors that remain a significant challenge to the reliability of quantum technologies using entanglement. An essential method to overcome or mitigate these errors is entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-05 Christopher Popp , Tobias C. Sutter , Beatrix C. Hiesmayr

Nonstabilizerness, or `magic', is a critical quantum resource that, together with entanglement, characterizes the non-classical complexity of quantum states. Here, we address the problem of quantifying the average nonstabilizerness of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-10 Guglielmo Lami , Tobias Haug , Jacopo De Nardis

We present new upper and lower bounds on the minimum distance of certain generalized bicycle (GB) codes beyond the reach of techniques for classical codes capable of even capturing the true minimum distance for some cases. These bounds are…

Triorthogonal codes are a class of quantum error correcting codes used in magic state distillation protocols. We classify all triorthogonal codes with $n+k \le 38$, where $n$ is the number of physical qubits and $k$ is the number of logical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-29 Sepehr Nezami , Jeongwan Haah

One of the most promising routes towards fault-tolerant quantum computation utilizes topological quantum error correcting codes, such as the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ surface code. Logical qubits can be encoded in a variety of ways in the surface…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-11 Ali Lavasani , Maissam Barkeshli

We give a new algorithm for computing the robustness of magic - a measure of the utility of quantum states as a computational resource. Our work is motivated by the magic state model of fault-tolerant quantum computation. In this model, all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-09 Markus Heinrich , David Gross

We propose a protocol to prepare a high-fidelity magic state on a two-dimensional (2D) color code using a three-dimensional (3D) color code. Our method modifies the known code switching protocol with (i) a recently discovered transversal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-25 Lucas Daguerre , Isaac H. Kim

It is the prevailing belief that quantum error correcting techniques will be required to build a utility-scale quantum computer able to perform computations that are out of reach of classical computers. The QECCs that have been most…

One of the primary objectives in the field of quantum state learning is to develop algorithms that are time-efficient for learning states generated from quantum circuits. Earlier investigations have demonstrated time-efficient algorithms…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-14 Nai-Hui Chia , Ching-Yi Lai , Han-Hsuan Lin

Bell-state measurement (BSM) on entangled states shared between quantum repeaters is the fundamental operation used to route entanglement in quantum networks. Performing BSMs on Werner states shared between repeaters leads to exponential…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-27 Ashlesha Patil , Michele Pacenti , Bane Vasić , Saikat Guha , Narayanan Rengaswamy

With the successful demonstration of transversal CNOTs in many recent experiments, it is the right moment to examine its implications on one of the most critical parts of fault-tolerant computation -- magic state preparation. Using an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-30 Nicholas Fazio , Mark Webster , Zhenyu Cai

We study several properties of distillation protocols to purify multilevel qubit states (qudits) when applied to a certain family of initial mixed bipartite states. We find that it is possible to use qudits states to increase the stability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 M. A. Martin-Delgado , M. Navascues

Quantum error correction is an essential ingredient for universal quantum computing. Despite tremendous experimental efforts in the study of quantum error correction, to date, there has been no demonstration in the realisation of universal…

Quantum error correction is essential for bridging the gap between the error rates of physical devices and the extremely low logical error rates required for quantum algorithms. Recent error-correction demonstrations on superconducting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Nathan Lacroix , Alexandre Bourassa , Francisco J. H. Heras , Lei M. Zhang , Johannes Bausch , Andrew W. Senior , Thomas Edlich , Noah Shutty , Volodymyr Sivak , Andreas Bengtsson , Matt McEwen , Oscar Higgott , Dvir Kafri , Jahan Claes , Alexis Morvan , Zijun Chen , Adam Zalcman , Sid Madhuk , Rajeev Acharya , Laleh Aghababaie Beni , Georg Aigeldinger , Ross Alcaraz , Trond I. Andersen , Markus Ansmann , Frank Arute , Kunal Arya , Abraham Asfaw , Juan Atalaya , Ryan Babbush , Brian Ballard , Joseph C. Bardin , Alexander Bilmes , Sam Blackwell , Jenna Bovaird , Dylan Bowers , Leon Brill , Michael Broughton , David A. Browne , Brett Buchea , Bob B. Buckley , Tim Burger , Brian Burkett , Nicholas Bushnell , Anthony Cabrera , Juan Campero , Hung-Shen Chang , Ben Chiaro , Liang-Ying Chih , Agnetta Y. Cleland , Josh Cogan , Roberto Collins , Paul Conner , William Courtney , Alexander L. Crook , Ben Curtin , Sayan Das , Sean Demura , Laura De Lorenzo , Agustin Di Paolo , Paul Donohoe , Ilya Drozdov , Andrew Dunsworth , Alec Eickbusch , Aviv Moshe Elbag , Mahmoud Elzouka , Catherine Erickson , Vinicius S. Ferreira , Leslie Flores Burgos , Ebrahim Forati , Austin G. Fowler , Brooks Foxen , Suhas Ganjam , Gonzalo Garcia , Robert Gasca , Élie Genois , William Giang , Dar Gilboa , Raja Gosula , Alejandro Grajales Dau , Dietrich Graumann , Alex Greene , Jonathan A. Gross , Tan Ha , Steve Habegger , Monica Hansen , Matthew P. Harrigan , Sean D. Harrington , Stephen Heslin , Paula Heu , Reno Hiltermann , Jeremy Hilton , Sabrina Hong , Hsin-Yuan Huang , Ashley Huff , William J. Huggins , Evan Jeffrey , Zhang Jiang , Xiaoxuan Jin , Chaitali Joshi , Pavol Juhas , Andreas Kabel , Hui Kang , Amir H. Karamlou , Kostyantyn Kechedzhi , Trupti Khaire , Tanuj Khattar , Mostafa Khezri , Seon Kim , Paul V. Klimov , Bryce Kobrin , Alexander N. Korotkov , Fedor Kostritsa , John Mark Kreikebaum , Vladislav D. Kurilovich , David Landhuis , Tiano Lange-Dei , Brandon W. Langley , Pavel Laptev , Kim-Ming Lau , Justin Ledford , Kenny Lee , Brian J. Lester , Loïck Le Guevel , Wing Yan Li , Yin Li , Alexander T. Lill , William P. Livingston , Aditya Locharla , Erik Lucero , Daniel Lundahl , Aaron Lunt , Ashley Maloney , Salvatore Mandrà , Leigh S. Martin , Orion Martin , Cameron Maxfield , Jarrod R. McClean , Seneca Meeks , Anthony Megrant , Kevin C. Miao , Reza Molavi , Sebastian Molina , Shirin Montazeri , Ramis Movassagh , Charles Neill , Michael Newman , Anthony Nguyen , Murray Nguyen , Chia-Hung Ni , Murphy Y. Niu , Logan Oas , William D. Oliver , Raymond Orosco , Kristoffer Ottosson , Alex Pizzuto , Rebecca Potter , Orion Pritchard , Chris Quintana , Ganesh Ramachandran , Matthew J. Reagor , Rachel Resnick , David M. Rhodes , Gabrielle Roberts , Eliott Rosenberg , Emma Rosenfeld , Elizabeth Rossi , Pedram Roushan , Kannan Sankaragomathi , Henry F. Schurkus , Michael J. Shearn , Aaron Shorter , Vladimir Shvarts , Spencer Small , W. Clarke Smith , Sofia Springer , George Sterling , Jordan Suchard , Aaron Szasz , Alex Sztein , Douglas Thor , Eifu Tomita , Alfredo Torres , M. Mert Torunbalci , Abeer Vaishnav , Justin Vargas , Sergey Vdovichev , Guifre Vidal , Catherine Vollgraff Heidweiller , Steven Waltman , Jonathan Waltz , Shannon X. Wang , Brayden Ware , Travis Weidel , Theodore White , Kristi Wong , Bryan W. K. Woo , Maddy Woodson , Cheng Xing , Z. Jamie Yao , Ping Yeh , Bicheng Ying , Juhwan Yoo , Noureldin Yosri , Grayson Young , Yaxing Zhang , Ningfeng Zhu , Nicholas Zobrist , Hartmut Neven , Pushmeet Kohli , Alex Davies , Sergio Boixo , Julian Kelly , Cody Jones , Craig Gidney , Kevin J. Satzinger

We introduce the magic hierarchy, a quantum circuit model that alternates between arbitrary-sized Clifford circuits and constant-depth circuits with two-qubit gates ($\textsf{QNC}^0$). This model unifies existing circuit models, such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-29 Natalie Parham

We consider the task of secure multi-party distributed quantum computation on a quantum network. We propose a protocol based on quantum error correction which reduces the number of necessary qubits. That is, each of the $n$ nodes in our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-04 Victoria Lipinska , Jérémy Ribeiro , Stephanie Wehner
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