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A key goal of exoplanet spectroscopy is to measure atmospheric properties, such as abundances of chemical species, in order to connect them to our understanding of atmospheric physics and planet formation. In this new era of high-quality…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-18 Matthew C. Nixon , Luis Welbanks , Peter McGill , Eliza M. -R. Kempton

The advent of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) signals a new era in exploring galaxies in the high-$z$ universe. Current and upcoming JWST imaging will potentially detect galaxies out to $z \sim 20$, creating a new urgency in the quest…

The evolution of space technology in recent years, fueled by advancements in computing such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), has profoundly transformed our capacity to explore the cosmos. Missions like the James…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-13 Vasuda Trehan , Kevin H. Knuth , M. J. Way

High-resolution Doppler-resolved spectroscopy has presented new opportunities for studying the atmospheres of exoplanets. While the 'classical' cross-correlation approach has proven to be efficient at finding atmospheric species, it is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-26 Neale P. Gibson , Stevanus K. Nugroho , Joshua Lothringer , Cathal Maguire , David K. Sing

In this work, we present Alfnoor, a dedicated tool optimised for population studies of exoplanet atmospheres. Alfnoor combines the latest version of the retrieval algorithm TauREx 3, with the instrument noise simulator ArielRad and enables…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-12 Quentin Changeat , Ahmed Al-Refaie , Lorenzo V. Mugnai , Billy Edwards , Ingo P. Waldmann , Enzo Pascale , Giovanna Tinetti

Rocky exoplanet characterization has been a top priority for early James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) science operations. Several milestones have been achieved, including the most precise rocky planet transmission spectra measured to date,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-02 Laura Kreidberg , Kevin B. Stevenson

The critical first step in the search for life on exoplanets over the next decade is to determine whether rocky planets transiting small M-dwarf stars possess atmospheres and, if so, what processes sculpt them over time. Because of its…

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will measure exoplanet transmission and eclipse spectroscopy at un-precedented precisions to better understand planet structure, dynamics, chemistry and formation. These are essential tools on the march…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-18 Everett Schlawin , Thomas P. Greene , Michael Line , Jonathan J. Fortney , Marcia Rieke

With the growing number of spectroscopic observations and observational platforms capable of exoplanet atmospheric characterization, there is a growing need for analysis techniques that can distill information about a large population of…

Direct imaging of widely separated exoplanets from space will obtain their reflected light spectra and measure their atmospheric properties, and small and temperate planets will be the focus of the next generation telescopes. In this work,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-26 Mario Damiano , Renyu Hu

We present a novel retrieval technique that attempts to model phase curve observations of exoplanets more realistically and reliably, which we call the 2.5-dimension (2.5-D) approach. In our 2.5-D approach we retrieve the vertical…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-04 Patrick G. J. Irwin , Vivien Parmentier , Jake Taylor , Jo Barstow , Suzanne Aigrain , Elspeth K. H. Lee , Ryan Garland

The Medium Resolution Spectrometer on board JWST/MIRI will give access to mid-IR spectra while retaining spatial information. With the unparalleled sensitivity of JWST and the MIRI detectors, the MRS has the potential to revolutionise our…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-02 P. Patapis , E. Nasedkin , G. Cugno , A. M. Glauser , I. Argyriou , N. P. Whiteford , P. Mollière , A. Glasse , S. P. Quanz

Atmospheric refraction affects to various degrees exoplanet transit, lunar eclipse, as well as stellar occultation observations. Exoplanet retrieval algorithms often use analytical expressions for the column abundance along a ray traversing…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-23 Yan Betremieux , Lisa Kaltenegger

Exoplanet transmission spectra provide rich information about the chemical composition, clouds and temperature structure of exoplanet atmospheres. Most exoplanet transmission spectra only span infrared wavelengths ($\gtrsim$ 1 $\rm{\mu…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-13 Charlotte Fairman , Hannah R. Wakeford , Ryan J. MacDonald

The Joint Experiment Missions for Extreme Universe Observatory comprises a collection of complementary missions dedicated to pioneering technologies and techniques for a future space-based multi-messenger observatory which will have…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-10 Thomas C. Paul

Retrieval methods are a powerful analysis technique for modelling exoplanetary atmospheres by estimating the bulk physical and chemical properties that combine in a forward model to best-fit an observed spectrum, and they are increasingly…

Transmission spectroscopy is a powerful technique widely used to probe exoplanet terminators. Atmospheric retrievals of transmission spectra are enabling comparative studies of exoplanet atmospheres. However, the atmospheric properties…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-28 Ryan J. MacDonald , Jayesh M. Goyal , Nikole K. Lewis

Observational studies of exoplanets are suggestive of a ubiquitous presence of clouds. The current modelling techniques used in emission to account for the clouds tend to require prior knowledge of the cloud condensing species and often do…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-07 Jake Taylor , Vivien Parmentier , Michael R. Line , Elspeth K. H. Lee , Patrick G. J. Irwin , Suzanne Aigrain

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is expected to revolutionize the field of exoplanets. The broad wavelength coverage and the high sensitivity of its instruments will allow characterization of exoplanetary atmospheres with unprecedented…

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) offers exceptional spectral resolution and wavelength coverage, which are essential for studying the coldest brown dwarfs, particularly Y dwarfs. These objects are at the cold end of the sub-stellar…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-21 A. Lueber , D. Kitzmann , K. Heng
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