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Modeling the atmospheres of exoplanets is fundamental to understanding their atmospheric physics and chemical processes. While one-dimensional (1D) atmospheric models with 1D radiative transfer (RT) have been widely used, advances in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-01 Rahul Arora , Liton Majumdar

In the recent years, retrieval analysis of exoplanet atmospheres have been very successful, providing deep insights on the composition and the temperature structure of these worlds via the transit and eclipse methods. Analysis of spectral…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-12 Quentin Changeat , Ahmed F. Al-Refaie

The field of exoplanet atmospheric characterization has recently made considerable advances with the advent of high-resolution spectroscopy from large ground-based telescopes and the commissioning of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-25 Eliza M. -R. Kempton , Heather A. Knutson

Transmission spectroscopy is one of the most successful methods of learning about exoplanet atmospheres. The process of retrievals using transmission spectroscopy consists of creating numerous forward models and comparing them to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-22 Agnibha Banerjee , Joanna K. Barstow , Carole A. Haswell , Stephen R. Lewis

High-resolution spectrographs open a detailed window onto the atmospheres of stars and planets. As the number of systems observed with different instruments grows, it is crucial to develop a standard in analyzing spectral time series of…

HD 209458 b is the first exoplanet on which an atmosphere was detected. Since then, its atmosphere has been investigated using multiple telescopes and instruments. However, many of its atmospheric constraints remain debatable. While HST…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-23 Avinash Verma , Jayesh Goyal , Swaroop Avarsekar , Gaurav Shukla

We investigate at what abundances various hydrocarbon molecules (e.g. acetylene (C$_2$H$_2$), ethylene (C$_2$H$_4$), and methane (CH$_4$)) become detectable when observing the atmospheres of various planets using JWST. We focused on…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-03 Danny Gasman , Michiel Min , Katy L. Chubb

The prevalence of atmospheres on rocky planets is one of the major questions in exoplanet astronomy, but there are currently no published unambiguous detections of atmospheres on any rocky exoplanets. The MIRI instrument on JWST can measure…

Brown dwarf spectra offer vital testbeds for our understanding of the chemical and physical processes that sculpt substellar atmospheres. Recently, atmospheric retrieval approaches have been applied to a number of low-resolution (R~100)…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-12 Callie E. Hood , Jonathan J. Fortney , Michael R. Line , Jacqueline K. Faherty

Context: Low-mass stars and extrasolar planets have ultra-cool atmospheres where a rich chemistry occurs and clouds form. The increasing amount of spectroscopic observations for extrasolar planets requires self-consistent model atmosphere…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-13 Diana Juncher , Uffe G. Jørgensen , Christiane Helling

Young giant planets are the best targets for characterization with direct imaging. The Medium Resolution Spectrometer (MRS) of the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) of the recently launched James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will give access to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-29 M. Mâlin , A. Boccaletti , B. Charnay , F. Kiefer , B. Bézard

Silicate clouds are known to significantly impact the spectra of late L-type brown dwarfs, with observable absorption features at ~ 10 micron. JWST has reopened our window to the mid-infrared with unprecedented sensitivity, bringing the…

To date, the ability for observers to reveal the composition or thermal structure of an exoplanet's atmosphere has rested on two techniques: high-contrast direct imaging and time-series observations of transiting exoplanets. The former is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-30 Kevin B. Stevenson

We present a retrieval method based on Bayesian analysis to infer the atmospheric compositions and surface or cloud-top pressures from transmission spectra of exoplanets with general compositions. In this study, we identify what can…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2012-06-28 Bjoern Benneke , Sara Seager

Understanding planet formation requires robust population studies, which are designed to reveal trends in planet properties. In this work, we aim to determine if different methods for selecting populations of exoplanets for atmospheric…

The current sparse wavelength range coverage of exoplanet direct imaging observations, and the fact that models are defined using a finite wavelength range, lead both to uncertainties on effective temperature determination.We study these…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-07 Jean-Loup Baudino , J. Taylor , P. G. J. Irwin , R. Garland

Condensate clouds are a defining feature of brown dwarf and exoplanet atmospheres, producing a broad range of colours on the CMD and giving rise to spectral features such as the distinct $\sim 10 \mu$m spectral imprint. Cloud cover is…

The era of exoplanet characterization is upon us. For a subset of exoplanets -- the transiting planets -- physical properties can be measured, including mass, radius, and atmosphere characteristics. Indeed, measuring the atmospheres of a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 S. Seager , D. Deming , J. A. Valenti

Using forward models for representative exoplanet atmospheres and a radiometric instrument model, we have generated synthetic observational data to explore how well the major C- and O-bearing chemical species (CO, CO2, CH4, and H2O),…

Transmission spectroscopy is among the most fruitful techniques to infer the main opacity sources present in the upper atmosphere of a transiting planet and to constrain the composition of the thermosphere and of the unbound exosphere. Not…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-09 Daniela Sicilia , Luca Malavolta , Lorenzo Pino , Gaetano Scandariato , Valerio Nascimbeni , Giampaolo Piotto , Isabella Pagano
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