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In the era of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the dramatic improvement in the spectra of exoplanetary atmospheres demands a corresponding leap forward in our ability to analyze them: atmospheric retrievals need to be performed on…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-06 Anna Lueber , Konstantin Karchev , Chloe Fisher , Matthias Heim , Roberto Trotta , Kevin Heng

Modeling based on differentiable programming holds great promise for astronomy, enabling advanced techniques such as gradient-based posterior sampling and optimization. This paradigm motivated us to develop ExoJAX (Kawahara et al. 2022),…

Atmospheric retrievals of exoplanet transmission spectra allow constraints on the composition and structure of the day-night terminator region. Such retrievals in the past have typically assumed one-dimensional temperature structures which…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-24 Matthew C. Nixon , Nikku Madhusudhan

Computationally expensive and time-consuming Bayesian atmospheric retrievals pose a significant bottleneck for the rapid analysis of high-quality exoplanetary spectra from present and next generation space telescopes, such as JWST and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-30 L. Pagliaro , T. Zingales , G. Piotto , I. Giovannini , G. Mantovan

JWST observations are leading to important new insights into exoplanetary atmospheres through transmission spectroscopy. In order to harness the full potential of the broad spectral range and high sensitivity of JWST, atmospheric retrievals…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-11 Savvas Constantinou , Nikku Madhusudhan

Atmospheric retrievals are essential tools for interpreting exoplanet transmission and eclipse spectra, enabling quantitative constraints on the chemical composition, aerosol properties, and thermal structure of planetary atmospheres. The…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-19 Yoav Rotman , Luis Welbanks , Michael R. Line , Peter McGill , Michael Radica , Matthew C. Nixon

With a scheduled launch in October 2018, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is expected to revolutionise the field of atmospheric characterization of exoplanets. The broad wavelength coverage and high sensitivity of its instruments will…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-21 M. Rocchetto , I. P. Waldmann , O. Venot , P. -O. Lagage , G. Tinetti

The unprecedented wavelength coverage and sensitivity of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) permits to measure the absorption features of a wide range of condensate species from Silicates to Titan tholins. Atmospheric retrievals are…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-15 Maël M. Voyer , Quentin Changeat

Spectroscopic phase curves provide unique access to the three-dimensional properties of transiting exoplanet atmospheres. However, a modeling framework must be developed to deliver accurate inferences of atmospheric properties for these…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-02 Y. Katherina Feng , Michael R. Line , Jonathan J. Fortney

Atmospheric retrievals are now a standard tool to analyze observations of exoplanet atmospheres. This data-driven approach quantitatively compares atmospheric models to observations in order to estimate atmospheric properties and their…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-10 Joshua D. Lothringer , Travis S. Barman

We have entered the era of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We use the first JWST transmission spectrum of the hot Saturn-mass exoplanet, WASP-39 b, obtained with the NIRSpec instrument in the 3-5 $\mu$m range to investigate (a) what…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-08 Savvas Constantinou , Nikku Madhusudhan , Siddharth Gandhi

Aims. To create a retrieval framework which encapsulates the 3D nature of exoplanet atmospheres, and to apply it to observed emission phase curve and transmission spectra of hot Jupiter exoplanet WASP-43b. Methods. We present our 3D…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-31 Katy L. Chubb , Michiel Min

Atmospheric retrievals of exoplanetary transmission spectra provide important constraints on various properties such as chemical abundances, cloud/haze properties, and characteristic temperatures, at the day-night atmospheric terminator. To…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-09 Luis Welbanks , Nikku Madhusudhan

Spectroscopy of exoplanetary atmospheres has become a well established method for the characterisation of extrasolar planets. We here present a novel inverse retrieval code for exoplanetary atmospheres. TauRex (Tau Retrieval for Exoplanets)…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 Ingo P. Waldmann , Giovanna Tinetti , Marco Rocchetto , Emma J. Barton , Sergey N. Yurchenko , Jonathan Tennyson

Emission spectroscopy is a promising technique to observe atmospheres of rocky exoplanets, probing both their chemistry and thermal profiles. We present HyDRo, an atmospheric retrieval framework for thermal emission spectra of rocky…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-22 Anjali A. A. Piette , Nikku Madhusudhan , Avi M. Mandell

High-resolution spectroscopy (R > 25,000) has opened new opportunities to characterize exoplanet atmospheres from the ground. By resolving individual lines in planetary emission and transmission spectra, one can sensitively probe the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-30 Ruizhe Wang , Ryan J. MacDonald , Neale P. Gibson , Nikole K. Lewis

Exoplanetary atmospheric retrieval refers to the inference of atmospheric properties of an exoplanet given an observed spectrum. The atmospheric properties include the chemical compositions, temperature profiles, clouds/hazes, and energy…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-05 Nikku Madhusudhan

Aims: ARCiS, a novel code for the analysis of exoplanet transmission and emission spectra is presented. The aim of the modelling framework is to provide a tool able to link observations to physical models of exoplanet atmospheres. Methods:…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-07 Michiel Min , Chris W. Ormel , Katy Chubb , Christiane Helling , Yui Kawashima

Detecting and characterising exoplanet atmospheres remains challenging because atmospheric signals can be comparable to residual noise and instrumental/astrophysical systematics. Spectral features span from a few ppm for small planets up to…

Thermal emission spectra provide key insights into the atmospheric composition and especially the temperature structure of an exoplanet. With broader wavelength coverage, sensitivity and higher resolution, JWST has enabled robust…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-03 Tonmoy Deka , Liton Majumdar , Tasneem Basra Khan , Swastik Dewan , Priyankush Ghosh , Debayan Das , Mithun Patra
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