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Here we introduce the RobERt (Robotic Exoplanet Recognition) algorithm for the classification of exoplanetary emission spectra. Spectral retrievals of exoplanetary atmospheres frequently requires the preselection of molecular/atomic…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-13 I. P. Waldmann

Upcoming James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations will allow us to study exoplanet and brown dwarf atmospheres in great detail. The physical interpretation of these upcoming high signal-to-noise observations requires precise…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-18 Sagnick Mukherjee , Natasha E. Batalha , Jonathan J. Fortney , Mark S. Marley

The surface characterization of rocky exoplanets via emission spectroscopy represents a frontier of current (JWST) and future (HWO) observational efforts. Here, we implement new features in the open-source retrieval code $\texttt{POSEIDON…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-04 Elijah Mullens , Ryan J. MacDonald , Marina E. Gemma , Ishan Mishra , Esteban Gazel , Nikole K. Lewis

Thanks to the advances in modern instrumentation we have learned about many exoplanets that span a wide range of masses and composition. Studying their atmospheres provides insight into planetary origin, evolution, dynamics, and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-18 D. Shulyak , M. Rengel , A. Reiners , U. Seemann , F. Yan

With a new generation of observatories coming online this decade, the process of characterizing exoplanet atmospheres will need to be reinvented. Currently mostly on the instrumental side, characterization bottlenecks will soon stand by the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-16 Prajwal Niraula , Julien de Wit , Iouli E. Gordon , Robert J. Hargreaves , Clara Sousa-Silva , Roman V. Kochanov

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will enable the search for and characterization of terrestrial exoplanet atmospheres in the habitable zone via transmission spectroscopy. However, relatively little work has been done to use solar…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-30 Jacob Lustig-Yaeger , Victoria S. Meadows , David Crisp , Michael R. Line , Tyler D. Robinson

Retrieving the physical parameters from spectroscopic observations of exoplanets is key to understanding their atmospheric properties. Exoplanetary atmospheric retrievals are usually based on approximate Bayesian inference and rely on…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-19 Malavika Vasist , François Rozet , Olivier Absil , Paul Mollière , Evert Nasedkin , Gilles Louppe

Tau-REx (Tau Retrieval of Exoplanets) is a novel, fully Bayesian atmospheric retrieval code custom built for extrasolar atmospheres. In Waldmann et al. (2015) the transmission spectroscopic case was introduced, here we present the emission…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-10-28 Ingo P. Waldmann , Marco Rocchetto , Giovanna Tinetti , Emma J. Barton , Sergey N. Yurchenko , Jonathan Tennyson

Atmospheric retrieval of exoplanets from spectroscopic observations requires an extensive exploration of a highly degenerate and high-dimensional parameter space to accurately constrain atmospheric parameters. Retrieval methods commonly…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-24 Matthew C. Nixon , Nikku Madhusudhan

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is predicted to make great advances in the field of exoplanet atmospheres. Its 25 m2 mirror means that it can reach unprecedented levels of precision in observations of transit spectra, and can thus…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-02-10 Joanna K. Barstow , Suzanne Aigrain , Patrick G. J. Irwin , Sarah Kendrew , Leigh N. Fletcher

We present atmospheric retrievals of the benchmark brown dwarf binary Luhman 16AB using high-resolution VLT/CRIRES spectra and the differentiable framework ExoJAX. We derive elemental abundances and temperature-pressure ($T$-$P$) profiles…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-10 Hibiki Yama , Kento Masuda , Yui Kawashima , Hajime Kawahara

Stellar contamination has long been recognized as a major bottleneck in transmission spectroscopy, limiting our ability to accurately characterize exoplanet atmospheres-particularly for terrestrial worlds. In response, significant…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-18 Thomas J. Fauchez , Elsa Ducrot , Benjamin V. Rackham , Kevin B. Stevenson , Laura C. Mayorga , Julien de Wit

Characterizing the atmospheres of exoplanets and brown dwarfs is crucial for understanding their atmospheric physics and chemistry, searching for biosignatures, and investigating their formation histories. Recent advances in observational…

The search for exoplanets is an active field in astronomy, with direct imaging as one of the most challenging methods due to faint exoplanet signals buried within stronger residual starlight. Successful detection requires advanced image…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-24 Théo Bodrito , Olivier Flasseur , Julien Mairal , Jean Ponce , Maud Langlois , Anne-Marie Lagrange

Atmospheric retrievals are widely used to constrain exoplanet properties from observed spectra. We investigate how the common nonphysical retrieval assumptions of vertically constant molecule abundances and cloud-free atmospheres affect our…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-24 Björn S. Konrad , Sascha P. Quanz , Eleonora Alei , Robin Wordsworth

Over the past decade, the study of extrasolar planets has evolved rapidly from plain detection and identification to comprehensive categorization and characterization of exoplanet systems and their atmospheres. Atmospheric retrieval, the…

Exoplanet atmospheric retrieval is a computational technique widely used to infer properties of planetary atmospheres from remote spectroscopic observations. Retrieval codes typically employ Bayesian sampling algorithms or machine learning…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-24 Ryan J. MacDonald , Natasha E. Batalha

Thermal emission spectra of exoplanets provide constraints on the chemical compositions, pressure-temperature (P-T) profiles, and energy transport in exoplanetary atmospheres. Accurate inferences of these properties rely on the robustness…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-10-20 Siddharth Gandhi , Nikku Madhusudhan

This chapter reviews the current state of observational and theoretical efforts in the characterization of exoplanet atmospheres, with a focus on developments enabled through the Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research (NCCR)…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-13 Daniel Kitzmann , Elspeth K. H. Lee , Jens Hoeijmakers , Kevin Heng

Our ability to observe, detect, and characterize exoplanetary atmospheres has grown by leaps and bounds over the last 20 years, aided largely by developments in astronomical instrumentation; improvements in data analysis techniques; and an…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-17 Nikolai Piskunov , Adam D. Rains , Linn Boldt-Christmas