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Invariant Causal Prediction (Peters et al., 2016) is a technique for out-of-distribution generalization which assumes that some aspects of the data distribution vary across the training set but that the underlying causal mechanisms remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Elan Rosenfeld , Pradeep Ravikumar , Andrej Risteski

The concept of univariate Range Value-at-Risk, presented by Cont et al. (2010), is extended in the multidimensional setting. Traditional risk measures are not well suited when dealing with heavy-tail distributions and infinite tail…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2020-05-27 Roba Bairakdar , Lu Cao , Melina Mailhot

We propose a convex formulation for a trading system with the Conditional Value-at-Risk as a risk-adjusted performance measure under the notion of Direct Reinforcement Learning. Due to convexity, the proposed approach can uncover a…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-09-30 Ali Al-Ameer , Khaled Alshehri

While the traditional formulation of machine learning tasks is in terms of performance on average, in practice we are often interested in how well a trained model performs on rare or difficult data points at test time. To achieve more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Matthew J. Holland , Toma Hamada

In this article, by using composite asymmetric least squares (CALS) and empirical likelihood, we propose a two-step procedure to estimate the conditional value at risk (VaR) and conditional expected shortfall (ES) for the GARCH series.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-07-05 Sheng Wu , Yi Zhang , Jun Zhao , Liming Shen

We study risk-sensitive planning under partial observability using the dynamic risk measure Iterated Conditional Value-at-Risk (ICVaR). A policy evaluation algorithm for ICVaR is developed with finite-time performance guarantees that do not…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yaacov Pariente , Vadim Indelman

We study the asymptotic behavior of the difference between the values at risk VaR(L) and VaR(L+S) for heavy tailed random variables L and S for application in sensitivity analysis of quantitative operational risk management within the…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2017-08-25 Takashi Kato

Several well-established benchmark predictors exist for Value-at-Risk (VaR), a major instrument for financial risk management. Hybrid methods combining AR-GARCH filtering with skewed-$t$ residuals and the extreme value theory-based approach…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2021-11-25 Shige Peng , Shuzhen Yang , Jianfeng Yao

Extending Buehler et al.'s 2019 Deep Hedging paradigm, we innovatively employ deep neural networks to parameterize convex-risk minimization (CVaR/ES) for the portfolio tail-risk hedging problem. Through comprehensive numerical experiments…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-07-01 Yuming Ma

Many novel notions of "risk" (e.g., CVaR, tilted risk, DRO risk) have been proposed and studied, but these risks are all at least as sensitive as the mean to loss tails on the upside, and tend to ignore deviations on the downside. We study…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-17 Matthew J. Holland

We introduce the Value-at-Risk Constrained Policy Optimization algorithm (VaR-CPO), a sample efficient and conservative method designed to optimize Value-at-Risk (VaR) constrained reinforcement learning (RL) problems. Empirically, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Rohan Tangri , Jan-Peter Calliess

The measure of portfolio risk is an important input of the Markowitz framework. In this study, we explored various methods to obtain a robust covariance estimators that are less susceptible to financial data noise. We evaluated the…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-06-04 Qiqin Zhou

Real-world data is laden with outlying values. The challenge for machine learning is that the learner typically has no prior knowledge of whether the feedback it receives (losses, gradients, etc.) will be heavy-tailed or not. In this work,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-16 Matthew J. Holland

In safety-critical applications of reinforcement learning such as healthcare and robotics, it is often desirable to optimize risk-sensitive objectives that account for tail outcomes rather than expected reward. We prove the first regret…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-12 O. Bastani , Y. J. Ma , E. Shen , W. Xu

Chance-constrained programs (CCPs) provide a powerful modeling framework for decision-making under uncertainty, but their nonconvex feasible regions make them computationally challenging. A widely used convex inner approximation replaces…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Rui Chen , Nan Jiang

While deep learning models often achieve high predictive accuracy, their predictions typically do not come with any provable guarantees on risk or reliability, which are critical for deployment in high-stakes applications. The framework of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Christopher Yeh , Nicolas Christianson , Adam Wierman , Yisong Yue

With the emergence of precision medicine, estimating optimal individualized decision rules (IDRs) has attracted tremendous attention in many scientific areas. Most existing literature has focused on finding optimal IDRs that can maximize…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-28 Zhengling Qi , Jong-Shi Pang , Yufeng Liu

We investigate the extremal aggregation behavior of Value-at-Risk (VaR) -- that is, its additivity properties across all probability levels -- for sums of one-sided random variables. For risks supported on \([0,\infty)\), we show that VaR…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-04-14 Nawaf Mohammed

Estimation of the value-at-risk (VaR) of a large portfolio of assets is an important task for financial institutions. As the joint log-returns of asset prices can often be projected to a latent space of a much smaller dimension, the use of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-06 Robert Sicks , Stefanie Grimm , Ralf Korn , Ivo Richert

The debate of what quantitative risk measure to choose in practice has mainly focused on the dichotomy between Value at Risk (VaR) -- a quantile -- and Expected Shortfall (ES) -- a tail expectation. Range Value at Risk (RVaR) is a natural…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-06-27 Tobias Fissler , Johanna F. Ziegel