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In this paper we consider $(x,u)$-flat nonlinear control systems with two inputs, and show that every such system can be rendered static feedback linearizable by prolongations of a suitably chosen control. This result is not only of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-04-19 Conrad Gstöttner , Bernd Kolar , Markus Schöberl

In this article, we introduce the notion of differential flatness by pure prolongation: loosely speaking, a system admits this property if, and only if, there exists a pure prolongation of finite order such that the prolonged system is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-28 Jean Lévine

We propose an algorithmic test to check whether a two-input system is linearizable by an endogenous dynamic feedback with a dimension of at most two. This test furthermore provides a procedure for systematically deriving flat outputs for…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-01-11 Conrad Gstöttner , Bernd Kolar , Markus Schöberl

The paper addresses the exact linearization of flat nonlinear discrete-time systems by generalized static or dynamic feedbacks which may also depend on forward-shifts of the new input. We first investigate the question which forward-shifts…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-12-29 Bernd Kolar , Johannes Diwold , Conrad Gstöttner , Markus Schöberl

In this contribution we discuss flat discrete-time nonlinear systems in a general setting including two special subclasses, namely, forward- and backward-flat systems. We relate rank conditions for certain submatrices of the Jacobian of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-03 Johannes Schrotshamer , Bernd Kolar , Markus Schöberl

In general, flat outputs of a nonlinear system may depend on the system's state and input as well as on an arbitrary number of time derivatives of the latter. If a flat output which also depends on time derivatives of the input is known,…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-01-11 Conrad Gstöttner , Bernd Kolar , Markus Schöberl

In this paper, we propose a constructive algorithm to dynamically linearize two-input control systems via successive one-fold prolongations of a control that has to be suitably chosen at each step of the algorithm. Linearization via…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-13 Florentina Nicolau , Witold Respondek , Shunjie Li

In this paper, we give normal forms for flat two-input control-affine systems in dimension five that admit a flat output depending on the state only (we call systems with that property x-flat systems). We discuss relations of x-flatness in…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-01-12 Florentina Nicolau , Conrad Gstöttner , Witold Respondek

We present a broadly applicable structurally flat triangular form for x-flat control-affine systems with three inputs. Building on recent results for the derivative structure of flat outputs, we define the triangular form together with…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-04-06 Georg Hartl , Conrad Gstöttner , Markus Schöberl

We show that every flat nonlinear discrete-time system with two inputs can be transformed into a structurally flat normal form by state- and input transformations. This normal form has a triangular structure and allows to read off the flat…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-04-19 Johannes Diwold , Bernd Kolar , Markus Schöberl

We introduce a task-relative taxonomy of actuator inputs for nonlinear systems within the input-output feedback-linearization framework. Given a flat output specifying the task, inputs are classified as essential, redundant, or dexterity:…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-10 Mirko Mizzoni , Pieter van Goor , Barbara Bazzana , Antonio Franchi

The present work establishes necessary and sufficient conditions for a nonlinear system with two inputs to be described by a specific triangular form. Except for some regularity conditions, such triangular form is flat. This may lead to the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-11-27 Hector Bessa Silveira , Paulo Sergio Pereira da Silva , Pierre Rouchon

Determining whether a nonlinear multi-input system is differentially flat remains challenging. One way to obtain computationally tractable sufficient conditions is to give complete characterizations of flat normal forms. We introduce a…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-11-17 Georg Hartl , Conrad Gstöttner , Markus Schöberl

We propose easily verifiable necessary and sufficient conditions for the linearizability of two-input systems by an endogenous dynamic feedback with a dimension of at most two.

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-01-11 Conrad Gstöttner , Bernd Kolar , Markus Schöberl

Dynamic feedback linearization-based methods allow us to design control algorithms for a fairly large class of nonlinear systems in continuous time. However, this feature does not extend to their sampled counterparts, i.e., for a given…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-04 Ashutosh Jindal , Florentina Nicolau , David Martin Diego , Ravi Banavar

The paper studies the relation between a nonlinear time-varying flat discrete-time system and the corresponding linear time-varying systems which are obtained by a linearization along trajectories. It is motivated by the continuous-time…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-26 Bernd Kolar , Johannes Diwold , Conrad Gstöttner , Markus Schöberl

We present an extension of Willems' Fundamental Lemma to the class of multi-input multi-output discrete-time feedback linearizable nonlinear systems, thus providing a data-based representation of their input-output trajectories. Two sources…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-17 Mohammad Alsalti , Victor G. Lopez , Julian Berberich , Frank Allgöwer , Matthias A. Müller

It is widely recognized that no tractable necessary and sufficient conditions exist for determining whether a system is, in general, differentially flat. However, specific cases do provide such conditions. For instance, driftless systems…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-11 Jean Lévine , Jaume Franch

This note studies the robust output feedback stabilization problem of a class of multi-input multi-output invertible nonlinear systems, for which an "ideal" state feedback based on feedback linearization can be designed under certain mild…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-07 Lei Wang , Christopher M. Kellett

This paper examines a broadly applicable triangular normal form for x-flat control-affine systems with two inputs. First, we show that this triangular form encompasses a wide range of established normal forms. Next, we prove that any x-flat…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-01-08 Georg Hartl , Conrad Gstöttner , Markus Schöberl
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