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Automated Driving System (ADS) acts as the brain of autonomous vehicles, responsible for their safety and efficiency. Safe deployment requires thorough testing in diverse real-world scenarios and compliance with traffic laws like speed…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Jianlei Chi , Yuzhen Wu , Jiaxuan Hou , Xiaodong Zhang , Ming Fan , Suhui Sun , Weijun Dai , Bo Li , Jianguo Sun , Jun Sun

Virtual scenario-based testing methods to validate autonomous driving systems are predominantly centred around collision avoidance, and lack a comprehensive approach to evaluate optimal driving behaviour holistically. Furthermore, current…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Kethan Reddy , Elias Nassif , Panagiotis Angeloudis , Mohammed Quddus , Washington Ochieng

This study presents a novel approach for modeling and simulating human-vehicle interactions in order to examine the effects of automated driving systems (ADS) on driving performance and driver control workload. Existing driver-ADS…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Kenechukwu C. Mbanisi , Hideyuki Kimpara , Zhi Li , Danil Prokhorov , Michael A. Gennert

Autonomous driving systems (ADS) increasingly rely on deep learning-based perception models, which remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks. In this paper, we revisit adversarial attacks and defense methods, focusing on road sign…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Cheng Chen , Yuhong Wang , Nafis S Munir , Xiangwei Zhou , Xugui Zhou

The simulation-based testing is essential for safely implementing autonomous vehicles (AV) on roads, necessitating simulated traffic environments that dynamically interact with the Vehicle Under Test (VUT). This study introduces a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Yiru Liu , Xiaocong Zhao , Jian Sun

In the autonomous driving testing methods based on evolving scenarios, the construction method of the driver model, which determines the driving maneuvers of background vehicles (BVs) in the scenario, plays a critical role in generating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Xinzheng Wu , Junyi Chen , Shaolingfeng Ye , Wei Jiang , Yong Shen

Long-tail and rare event problems become crucial when autonomous driving algorithms are applied in the real world. For the purpose of evaluating systems in challenging settings, we propose a generative framework to create safety-critical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Wenhao Ding , Baiming Chen , Minjun Xu , Ding Zhao

With the rapid development of autonomous driving, the attention of academia has increasingly focused on the development of anti-collision systems in emergency scenarios, which have a crucial impact on driving safety. While numerous…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Guoying Chen , Xinyu Wang , Min Hua , Wei Liu

Due to the current developments towards autonomous driving and vehicle active safety, there is an increasing necessity for algorithms that are able to perform complex criticality predictions in real-time. Being able to process multi-object…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Eduardo Sánchez Morales , Richard Membarth , Andreas Gaull , Philipp Slusallek , Tobias Dirndorfer , Alexander Kammenhuber , Christoph Lauer , Michael Botsch

The scenario-based testing of operational vehicle safety presents a set of principal other vehicle (POV) trajectories that seek to force the subject vehicle (SV) into a certain safety-critical situation. Current scenarios are mostly (i)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Linda Capito , Bowen Weng , Umit Ozguner , Keith Redmill

Before reaching full autonomy, vehicles will gradually be equipped with more and more advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), effectively rendering them semi-autonomous. However, current ADAS technologies seem unable to handle complex…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2017-06-27 Florent Altche , Xiangjun Qian , Arnaud de La Fortelle

Autonomous driving systems (ADSs) must be sufficiently tested to ensure their safety. Though various ADS testing methods have shown promising results, they are limited to a fixed set of vehicle characteristics settings (VCSs). The impact of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Qi Pan , Tiexin Wang , Paolo Arcaini , Tao Yue , Shaukat Ali

Self-driving vehicles (SDVs) must be rigorously tested on a wide range of scenarios to ensure safe deployment. The industry typically relies on closed-loop simulation to evaluate how the SDV interacts on a corpus of synthetic and real…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Jay Sarva , Jingkang Wang , James Tu , Yuwen Xiong , Sivabalan Manivasagam , Raquel Urtasun

Autonomous Driving System (ADS) testing is essential to ensure the safety and reliability of autonomous vehicles (AVs) before deployment. However, existing techniques primarily focus on evaluating ADS functionalities in single-AV settings.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Mingfei Cheng , Renzhi Wang , Xiaofei Xie , Yuan Zhou , Lei Ma

With the rapid advancement of deep learning and related technologies, Autonomous Driving Systems (ADSs) have made significant progress and are gradually being widely applied in safety-critical fields. However, numerous accident reports show…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Pin Ji , Yang Feng , Zongtai Li , Xiangchi Zhou , Jia Liu , Jun Sun , Zhihong Zhao

Real-world crash reports, which combine textual summaries and sketches, are valuable for scenario-based testing of autonomous driving systems (ADS). However, current methods cannot effectively translate this multimodal data into precise,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Fida Khandaker Safa , Yupeng Jiang , Xi Zheng

This paper presents an efficient method for estimating the probability of conflict between air traffic within a block of airspace. Autonomous Sense-and-Avoid is an essential safety feature to enable Unmanned Air Systems to operate alongside…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-04-26 Chinmaya Mishra , Simon Maskell , Siu-Kui Au , Jason F. Ralph

This article summarizes the research progress of scenario-based testing and development technology for autonomous vehicles. We systematically analyzed previous research works and proposed the definition of scenario, the elements of the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Xiaoyi Li

Autonomous driving systems (ADSs) are capable of sensing the environment and making driving decisions autonomously. These systems are safety-critical, and testing them is one of the important approaches to ensure their safety. However, due…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Chengjie Lu , Tao Yue , Man Zhang , Shaukat Ali

Scenario-based testing has become a promising approach to overcome the complexity of real-world traffic for safety assurance of automated vehicles. Within scenario-based testing, a system under test is confronted with a set of predefined…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Christoph Glasmacher , Hendrik Weber , Lutz Eckstein