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In collective decision making, where a voting rule is used to take a collective decision among a group of agents, manipulation by one or more agents is usually considered negative behavior to be avoided, or at least to be made…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-05 Umberto Grandi , Andrea Loreggia , Francesca Rossi , Kristen Brent Venable , Toby Walsh

Many of the challenges facing today's reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms, such as robustness, generalization, transfer, and computational efficiency are closely related to compression. Prior work has convincingly argued why minimizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Benjamin Eysenbach , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Sergey Levine

Do runoff elections, using the same voting rule as the initial election but just on the winning candidates, increase or decrease the complexity of manipulation? Does allowing revoting in the runoff increase or decrease the complexity…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-06-23 Zack Fitzsimmons , Edith Hemaspaandra , Lane A. Hemaspaandra

We investigate the complexity of several manipulation and control problems under numerous prevalent approval-based multiwinner voting rules. Particularly, the rules we study include approval voting (AV), satisfaction approval voting (SAV),…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Yongjie Yang

Electoral control refers to attempts by an election's organizer ("the chair") to influence the outcome by adding/deleting/partitioning voters or candidates. The groundbreaking work of Bartholdi, Tovey, and Trick [BTT92] on (constructive)…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2008-09-26 Edith Hemaspaandra , Lane A. Hemaspaandra , Joerg Rothe

Risk-limiting audits (RLAs) are post-election auditing procedures that rigorously guarantee a specified maximum probability that an incorrect electoral outcome will not be detected. Aside from ready access to physical ballots, known RLAs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Benjamin Fuller , Abigail Harrison , Alexander Russell

Proponents of participatory democracy praise Liquid Democracy: decisions are taken by referendum, but voters delegate their votes freely. When better informed voters are present, delegation can increase the probability of a correct…

General Economics · Economics 2024-04-24 Victoria Mooers , Joseph Campbell , Alessandra Casella , Lucas de Lara , Dilip Ravindran

We analyze the susceptibility of instant runoff voting (IRV) to a lesser-studied paradox known as a \emph{reinforcement paradox}, which occurs when candidate $X$ wins under IRV in two distinct elections but $X$ loses in the combined…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-04-20 David McCune , Jennifer Wilson

Studying the computational complexity and designing fast algorithms for determining winners under voting rules are classical and fundamental questions in computational social choice. In this paper, we accelerate voting by leveraging quantum…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Ao Liu , Qishen Han , Lirong Xia , Nengkun Yu

Risk-limiting audits (RLAs) are a significant tool in increasing confidence in the accuracy of elections. They consist of randomized algorithms which check that an election's vote tally, as reported by a vote tabulation system, corresponds…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Bar Karov , Moni Naor

Large language models (LLMs) frequently generate multiple candidate responses for a given prompt, yet selecting the most reliable one remains challenging, especially when correctness diverges from surface-level majority agreement. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Manh Nguyen , Sunil Gupta , Hung Le

An election audit is risk-limiting if the audit limits (to a pre-specified threshold) the chance that an erroneous electoral outcome will be certified. Extant methods for auditing instant-runoff voting (IRV) elections are either not…

Applications · Statistics 2023-10-06 Alexander Ek , Philip B. Stark , Peter J. Stuckey , Damjan Vukcevic

Shortlisting of candidates--selecting a group of "best" candidates--is a special case of multiwinner elections. We provide the first in-depth study of the computational complexity of strategic voting for shortlisting based on the perhaps…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-08-15 Robert Bredereck , Andrzej Kaczmarczyk , Rolf Niedermeier

Complexity theory is a useful tool to study computational issues surrounding the elicitation of preferences, as well as the strategic manipulation of elections aggregating together preferences of multiple agents. We study here the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-04-18 Toby Walsh

Voter control problems model situations in which an external agent tries toaffect the result of an election by adding or deleting the fewest number of voters. The goal of the agent is to make a specific candidate either win…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2017-01-19 Leon Kellerhals , Viatcheslav Korenwein , Philipp Zschoche , Robert Bredereck , Jiehua Chen

AWAIRE is one of two extant methods for conducting risk-limiting audits of instant-runoff voting (IRV) elections. In principle AWAIRE can audit IRV contests with any number of candidates, but the original implementation incurred memory and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Alexander Ek , Michelle Blom , Philip B. Stark , Peter J. Stuckey , Damjan Vukcevic

Although manipulation and bribery have been extensively studied under weighted voting, there has been almost no work done on election control under weighted voting. This is unfortunate, since weighted voting appears in many important…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-05-07 Piotr Faliszewski , Edith Hemaspaandra , Lane A. Hemaspaandra

Every representative democracy must specify a mechanism under which voters choose their representatives. The most common mechanism in the United States -- Winner takes all single-member districts -- both enables substantial partisan…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Nikhil Garg , Wes Gurnee , David Rothschild , David Shmoys

We consider the approval-based model of elections, and undertake a computational study of voting rules which select committees whose size is not predetermined. While voting rules that output committees with a predetermined number of winning…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-20 Piotr Faliszewski , Arkadii Slinko , Nimrod Talmon

The mathematical study of voting, social choice theory, has traditionally only been applicable to choices among a few predetermined alternatives, but not to open-ended decisions such as collectively selecting a textual statement. We…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Sara Fish , Paul Gölz , David C. Parkes , Ariel D. Procaccia , Gili Rusak , Itai Shapira , Manuel Wüthrich