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In this paper, we propose a class of false analog data injection attack that can misguide the system as if topology errors had occurred. By utilizing the measurement redundancy with respect to the state variables, the adversary who knows…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-07-11 Yuqi Zhou , Jorge Cisneros-Saldana , Le Xie

The transition of next generation advanced nuclear reactor systems from analog to fully digital instrumentation and control will necessitate robust mechanisms to safeguard against potential data integrity threats. One challenge is the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-19 Zachery Dahm , Vasileios Theos , Konstantinos Vasili , William Richards , Konstantinos Gkouliaras , Stylianos Chatzidakis

Developing advanced diagnosis tools to detect cyber attacks is the key to security of power systems. It has been shown that multivariate data injection attacks can bypass bad data detection schemes typically built on static behavior of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-09-24 Kaikai Pan , Peter Palensky , Peyman Mohajerin Esfahani

This article presents a novel perspective along with a scalable methodology to design a fault detection and isolation (FDI) filter for high dimensional nonlinear systems. Previous approaches on FDI problems are either confined to linear…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-01-25 Peyman Mohajerin Esfahani , John Lygeros

Modern urban railways extensively use computerized sensing and control technologies to achieve safe, reliable, and well-timed operations. However, the use of these technologies may provide a convenient leverage to cyber-attackers who have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-09-25 Subhash Lakshminarayana , Teo Zhan Teng , Rui Tan , David K. Y. Yau

Small-Signal Stability (SSS) is crucial for the control of power grids. However, False Data Injection (FDI) attacks against SSS can impact the grid stability, hence, the security of SSS needs to be studied. This paper proposes a formal…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-03 Mohamadsaleh Jafari , Mohammad A. Rahman , Sumit Paudyal

This paper studies the vulnerability of large-scale power systems to false data injection (FDI) attacks through their physical consequences. Prior work has shown that an attacker-defender bi-level linear program (ADBLP) can be used to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-03 Zhigang Chu , Jiazi Zhang , Oliver Kosut , Lalitha Sankar

The emergence of novel the dummy data injection attack (DDIA) poses a severe threat to the secure and stable operation of power systems. These attacks are particularly perilous due to the minimal Euclidean spatial separation between the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-09 Zhaoyang Qu , Yunchang Dong , Yang Li , Siqi Song , Tao Jiang , Min Li , Qiming Wang , Lei Wang , Xiaoyong Bo , Jiye Zang , Qi Xu

Verifying integrity of software execution in low-end micro-controller units (MCUs) is a well-known open problem. The central challenge is how to securely detect software exploits with minimal overhead, since these MCUs are designed for low…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Ivan De Oliveira Nunes , Sashidhar Jakkamsetti , Gene Tsudik

Security related questions for Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) have attracted much research attention in searching for novel methods for attack-resilient control and/or estimation. Specifically, false data injection attacks (FDIAs) have been…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-23 Yu Zheng , Olugbenga Moses Anubi

This paper assesses the resilience of IEC 61850 digital substations under False Data Injection Attacks (FDIAs) targeting the Sampled Values (SV) protocol. The multicast nature of SV, while enabling time-critical automation, exposes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Denys Mishchenko , Irina Oleinikova , Laszlo Erdodi

Smart grids are inherently susceptible to various types of malicious cyberattacks that have all been documented in the recent literature. Traditional cybersecurity research on power systems often utilizes simplified models that fail to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-03 Abdallah Alalem Albustami , Ahmad F. Taha , Elias Bou-Harb

State estimation estimates the system condition in real-time and provides a base case for other energy management system (EMS) applications including real-time contingency analysis and security-constrained economic dispatch. Recent work in…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Xingpeng Li , Kory W. Hedman

Deep learning methods can not only detect false data injection attacks (FDIA) but also locate attacks of FDIA. Although adversarial false data injection attacks (AFDIA) based on deep learning vulnerabilities have been studied in the field…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Jiwei Tian , Chao Shen , Buhong Wang , Xiaofang Xia , Meng Zhang , Chenhao Lin , Qian Li

Anomaly detection in complex dynamical systems is essential for ensuring reliability, safety, and efficiency in industrial and cyber-physical infrastructures. Predictive maintenance helps prevent costly failures, while cybersecurity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Michael Somma , Thomas Gallien , Branka Stojanovic

Closed-loop control systems employ continuous sensing and actuation to maintain controlled variables within preset bounds and achieve the desired system output. Intentional disturbances in the system, such as in the case of cyberattacks,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-21 Vuk Lesi , Marcio Juliato , Shabbir Ahmed , Christopher Gutierrez , Qian Wang , Manoj Sastry

False Data Injection Attacks (FDIAs) pose severe security risks to smart grids by manipulating measurement data collected from spatially distributed devices such as SCADA systems and PMUs. These measurements typically exhibit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yunfeng Li , Junhong Liu , Zhaohui Yang , Guofu Liao , Chuyun Zhang

In this paper, we consider the problem of attack-resilient state estimation, that is to reliably estimate the true system states despite two classes of attacks: (i) attacks on the switching mechanisms and (ii) false data injection attacks…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-07-25 Sze Zheng Yong , Minghui Zhu , Emilio Frazzoli

Recently, reconstruction-based anomaly detection was proposed as an effective technique to detect attacks in dynamic industrial control networks. Unlike classical network anomaly detectors that observe the network traffic,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Alessandro Erba , Riccardo Taormina , Stefano Galelli , Marcello Pogliani , Michele Carminati , Stefano Zanero , Nils Ole Tippenhauer

As one of the largest and most complex systems on earth, power grid (PG) operation and control have stepped forward as a compound analysis on both physical and cyber layers which makes it vulnerable to assaults from economic and security…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-31 Wangkun Xu , Fei Teng