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Social interactions promote well-being, yet barriers like geographic distance, time limitations, and mental health conditions can limit face-to-face interactions. Emotionally responsive AI systems, such as chatbots, offer new opportunities…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Mahnaz Roshanaei , Rezvaneh Rezapour , Magy Seif El-Nasr

The rapid advancements in generative AI models present new opportunities in the education sector. However, it is imperative to acknowledge and address the potential risks and concerns that may arise with their use. We analyzed Twitter data…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Lingyao Li , Zihui Ma , Lizhou Fan , Sanggyu Lee , Huizi Yu , Libby Hemphill

There are growing concerns about the risks posed by AI companion applications designed for emotional engagement. Existing safety evaluations often rely on self-reported user data or interviews, offering limited insights into real-time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Prerna Juneja , Lika Lomidze

In collaboration with Postpartum Support International (PSI), a non-profit organization dedicated to supporting caregivers with postpartum mood and anxiety disorders, we developed three chatbots to provide context-specific empathetic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Xuewen Yao , Miriam Mikhelson , S. Craig Watkins , Eunsol Choi , Edison Thomaz , Kaya de Barbaro

AI chatbots designed as emotional companions blur the boundaries between interpersonal intimacy and institutional software, creating a complex, multi-dimensional privacy environment. Drawing on Communication Privacy Management theory and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Hsuen-Chi Chiu , Jeremy Foote

Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools are increasingly deployed across social media platforms, yet their implications for user behavior and experience remain understudied, particularly regarding two critical dimensions: (1) how AI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Anders Giovanni Møller , Daniel M. Romero , David Jurgens , Luca Maria Aiello

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly utilized for mental health support; however, current safety benchmarks often fail to detect the complex, longitudinal risks inherent in therapeutic dialogue. We introduce an evaluation framework…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Ian Steenstra , Paola Pedrelli , Weiyan Shi , Stacy Marsella , Timothy W. Bickmore

Artificial intelligence (AI) based learning assistants and chatbots are increasingly integrated into higher education. While these tools are often evaluated in terms of technical performance, their successful and ethical use also depends on…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Ezgi Dağtekin , Ercan Erkalkan

Early substance use during adolescence increases the risk of later substance use disorders and mental health problems, yet the emotional and contextual factors driving these behaviors remain poorly understood. This study analyzed 23000…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Jianfeng Zhu , Hailong Jiang , Yulan Wang , Karin G. Coifman , Ruoming Jin , Deric R. Kenne

The emergence of Generative AI (Gen AI) and Large Language Models (LLMs) has enabled more advanced chatbots capable of human-like interactions. However, these conversational agents introduce a broader set of operational risks that extend…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Pedro Pinacho-Davidson , Fernando Gutierrez , Pablo Zapata , Rodolfo Vergara , Pablo Aqueveque

Individuals are increasingly relying on large language model (LLM)-enabled conversational agents for emotional support. While prior research has examined privacy and security issues in chatbots specifically designed for mental health…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Jabari Kwesi , Jiaxun Cao , Riya Manchanda , Pardis Emami-Naeini

Companion chatbots offer a potential solution to the growing epidemic of loneliness, but their impact on users' psychosocial well-being remains poorly understood, raising critical ethical questions about their deployment and design. This…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Auren R. Liu , Pat Pataranutaporn , Pattie Maes

As stories of human-AI interactions continue to be highlighted in the news and research platforms, the challenges are becoming more pronounced, including potential risks of overreliance, cognitive offloading, social and emotional…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Celeste Riley , Omar Al-Refai , Yadira Colunga Reyes , Eman Hammad

As a general purpose technology without a concrete pre-defined purpose, personal chatbots can be used for a whole range of objectives, depending on the personal needs, contexts, and tasks of an individual, and so potentially impact a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Kimon Kieslich , Natali Helberger , Nicholas Diakopoulos

This study presents a unique framework that applies and extends Solove (2006)'s taxonomy to address privacy concerns in interactions with text-based AI chatbots. As chatbot prevalence grows, concerns about user privacy have heightened.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Ece Gumusel , Kyrie Zhixuan Zhou , Madelyn Rose Sanfilippo

As ChatGPT and other Large Language Model (LLM)-based AI chatbots become increasingly integrated into individuals' daily lives, important research questions arise. What concerns and risks do these systems pose for individual users? What…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Chengen Wang , Murat Kantarcioglu

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Intelligent Virtual Agents acting as psychotherapists presents significant opportunities for expanding mental healthcare access. However, their deployment has also been linked to serious…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Ian Steenstra , Timothy W. Bickmore

To foster the development of pedagogically potent and ethically sound AI-integrated learning landscapes, it is pivotal to critically explore the perceptions and experiences of the users immersed in these contexts. In this study, we perform…

Access to mental health support remains limited, particularly in marginalized communities where structural and cultural barriers hinder timely care. This paper explores the potential of AI-enabled chatbots as a scalable solution, focusing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Rawan AlMakinah , Andrea Norcini-Pala , Lindsey Disney , M. Abdullah Canbaz

As generative AI chatbots become more personalized and emotionally responsive, they increasingly serve as companions, friends, and romantic partners. Yet these relationships are accompanied by significant uncertainty: users question the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Renwen Zhang , Lezi Xie