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Understanding the behavior of no-regret dynamics in general $N$-player games is a fundamental question in online learning and game theory. A folk result in the field states that, in finite games, the empirical frequency of play under…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Lampros Flokas , Emmanouil-Vasileios Vlatakis-Gkaragkounis , Thanasis Lianeas , Panayotis Mertikopoulos , Georgios Piliouras

We propose a novel framework for robust dynamic games with nonlinear dynamics corrupted by state-dependent additive noise, and nonlinear agent-specific and shared constraints. Leveraging system-level synthesis (SLS), each agent designs a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-08 Shuyu Zhan , Chih-Yuan Chiu , Antoine P. Leeman , Glen Chou

We consider the problem of minimizing a smooth convex function by reducing the optimization to computing the Nash equilibrium of a particular zero-sum convex-concave game. Zero-sum games can be solved using online learning dynamics, where a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-16 Jun-Kun Wang , Jacob Abernethy

We consider a general class of nonzero-sum $N$-player stochastic games with impulse controls, where players control the underlying dynamics with discrete interventions. We adopt a verification approach and provide sufficient conditions for…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-10-06 Matteo Basei , Haoyang Cao , Xin Guo

We address learning Nash equilibria in convex games under the payoff information setting. We consider the case in which the game pseudo-gradient is monotone but not necessarily strictly monotone. This relaxation of strict monotonicity…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-17 Tatiana Tatarenko , Maryam Kamgarpour

Motivated by Generative Adversarial Networks, we study the computation of Nash equilibrium in concave network zero-sum games (NZSGs), a multiplayer generalization of two-player zero-sum games first proposed with linear payoffs. Extending…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-13 Amit Kadan , Hu Fu

In this paper, we investigate the power of {\it regularization}, a common technique in reinforcement learning and optimization, in solving extensive-form games (EFGs). We propose a series of new algorithms based on regularizing the payoff…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Mingyang Liu , Asuman Ozdaglar , Tiancheng Yu , Kaiqing Zhang

Policy gradient and actor-critic algorithms form the basis of many commonly used training techniques in deep reinforcement learning. Using these algorithms in multiagent environments poses problems such as nonstationarity and instability.…

In two-player zero-sum stochastic games, where two competing players make decisions under uncertainty, a pair of optimal strategies is traditionally described by Nash equilibrium and computed under the assumption that the players have…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-07-30 Yagiz Savas , Mohamadreza Ahmadi , Takashi Tanaka , Ufuk Topcu

Generating payoff matrices of normal-form games at random, we calculate the frequency of games with a unique pure strategy Nash equilibrium in the ensemble of $n$-player, $m$-strategy games. These are perfectly predictable as they must…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2020-11-03 Samuel C. Wiese , Torsten Heinrich

This paper presents algorithms for non-zero sum nonlinear constrained dynamic games with full information. Such problems emerge when multiple players with action constraints and differing objectives interact with the same dynamic system.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-08 Bolei Di , Andrew Lamperski

Dynamic nonzero sum games are widely used to model multi agent decision making in control, economics, and related fields. Classical methods for computing Nash equilibria, especially in linear quadratic settings, rely on strong structural…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Alireza Rezaee

This paper proposes Mutation-Driven Multiplicative Weights Update (M2WU) for learning an equilibrium in two-player zero-sum normal-form games and proves that it exhibits the last-iterate convergence property in both full and noisy feedback…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Kenshi Abe , Kaito Ariu , Mitsuki Sakamoto , Kentaro Toyoshima , Atsushi Iwasaki

Zero-sum and non-zero-sum (aka general-sum) games are relevant in a wide range of applications. While general non-zero-sum games are computationally hard, researchers focus on the special class of monotone games for gradient-based…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Ruichen Luo , Sebastian U. Stich , Krishnendu Chatterjee

We formulate the training of generative adversarial networks (GANs) as a Nash equilibrium seeking problem. To stabilize the training process and find a Nash equilibrium, we propose an asymmetric regularization mechanism based on the classic…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Spyridon C. Giagtzoglou , Mark H. M. Winands , Barbara Franci

We provide a complete characterization for uniqueness of equilibria in unconstrained polymatrix games. We show that while uniqueness is natural for coordination and general polymatrix games, zero-sum games require that the dimension of the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-23 James P. Bailey

We study the problem of repeated play in a zero-sum game in which the payoff matrix may change, in a possibly adversarial fashion, on each round; we call these Online Matrix Games. Finding the Nash Equilibrium (NE) of a two player zero-sum…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Adrian Rivera Cardoso , Jacob Abernethy , He Wang , Huan Xu

In this paper we investigate the Follow the Regularized Leader dynamics in sequential imperfect information games (IIG). We generalize existing results of Poincar\'e recurrence from normal-form games to zero-sum two-player imperfect…

Nash equilibrium is perhaps the best-known solution concept in game theory. Such a solution assigns a strategy to each player which offers no incentive to unilaterally deviate. While a Nash equilibrium is guaranteed to always exist, the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-29 David Sychrovský , Christopher Solinas , Revan MacQueen , Kevin Wang , James R. Wright , Nathan R. Sturtevant , Michael Bowling

Offline multi-agent reinforcement learning in general-sum settings is challenged by the distribution shift between logged datasets and target equilibrium policies. While standard methods rely on manual pessimistic penalties, we demonstrate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Claire Chen , Yuheng Zhang