English

Monotone Near-Zero-Sum Games: A Generalization of Convex-Concave Minimax

Computer Science and Game Theory 2025-12-03 v1 Optimization and Control

Abstract

Zero-sum and non-zero-sum (aka general-sum) games are relevant in a wide range of applications. While general non-zero-sum games are computationally hard, researchers focus on the special class of monotone games for gradient-based algorithms. However, there is a substantial gap between the gradient complexity of monotone zero-sum and monotone general-sum games. Moreover, in many practical scenarios of games the zero-sum assumption needs to be relaxed. To address these issues, we define a new intermediate class of monotone near-zero-sum games that contains monotone zero-sum games as a special case. Then, we present a novel algorithm that transforms the near-zero-sum games into a sequence of zero-sum subproblems, improving the gradient-based complexity for the class. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of this new class to model practical scenarios of games motivated from the literature.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2512.02690,
  title  = {Monotone Near-Zero-Sum Games: A Generalization of Convex-Concave Minimax},
  author = {Ruichen Luo and Sebastian U. Stich and Krishnendu Chatterjee},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.02690},
  year   = {2025}
}