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Reinforcement Learning with Rubric Rewards (RLRR) is a framework that extends conventional reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) and verifiable rewards (RLVR) by replacing scalar preference signals with structured,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Guangchen Lan , Lian Xiong , Xin Zhou , Hejie Cui , Yuwei Zhang , Mao Li , Zhenyu Shi , Besnik Fetahu , Lihong Li , Xian Li

Most reinforcement learning (RL) methods for training large language models (LLMs) require ground-truth labels or task-specific verifiers, limiting scalability when correctness is ambiguous or expensive to obtain. We introduce Reinforcement…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Micah Rentschler , Jesse Roberts

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has enabled large language models (LLMs) to achieve remarkable breakthroughs in reasoning tasks with objective ground-truth answers, such as mathematics and code generation. However, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Ruipeng Jia , Yunyi Yang , Yongbo Gai , Kai Luo , Shihao Huang , Jianhe Lin , Xiaoxi Jiang , Guanjun Jiang

The recent advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has established their potential as autonomous interactive agents. However, they often struggle in strategic games of incomplete information, such as bilateral price negotiation. In this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Shuze Daniel Liu , Claire Chen , Jiabao Sean Xiao , Lei Lei , Yuheng Zhang , Yisong Yue , David Simchi-Levi

Reinforcement post training (RPT) has recently shown promise in improving the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). However, it remains unclear how well these improvements generalize to new domains, as prior work evaluates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Chuxuan Hu , Yuxuan Zhu , Antony Kellermann , Caleb Biddulph , Suppakit Waiwitlikhit , Jason Benn , Daniel Kang

Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has been widely adopted as the de facto method for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models and has demonstrated notable success in verifiable domains like math and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Jeff Da , Clinton Wang , Xiang Deng , Yuntao Ma , Nikhil Barhate , Sean Hendryx

Reinforcement learning (RL) is one of the active fields in machine learning, demonstrating remarkable potential in tackling real-world challenges. Despite its promising prospects, this methodology has encountered with issues and challenges,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Alireza Rashidi Laleh , Majid Nili Ahmadabadi

Recent strides in large language models (LLMs) have yielded remarkable performance, leveraging reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) to significantly enhance generation and alignment capabilities. However, RLHF encounters…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Kuo Liao , Shuang Li , Meng Zhao , Liqun Liu , Mengge Xue , Zhenyu Hu , Honglin Han , Chengguo Yin

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising approach for eliciting reasoning chains before generating final answers. However, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) generate reasoning that lacks integration of visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Omar Sharif , Eftekhar Hossain , Patrick Ng

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has achieved remarkable success in logical reasoning tasks, yet whether large language model (LLM) alignment requires fundamentally different approaches remains unclear. Given the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Zhaowei Zhang , Xiaohan Liu , Xuekai Zhu , Junchao Huang , Ceyao Zhang , Zhiyuan Feng , Yaodong Yang , Xiaoyuan Yi , Xing Xie

While reinforcement learning has advanced the reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), these gains are largely confined to English, creating a significant performance disparity across languages. To address this, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Fahim Faisal , Kaiqiang Song , Song Wang , Simin Ma , Shujian Liu , Haoyun Deng , Sathish Reddy Indurthi

Recent advancements in Chain of Thought (COT) generation have significantly improved the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), with reinforcement learning (RL) emerging as an effective post-training approach. Multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Yi Chen , Yuying Ge , Rui Wang , Yixiao Ge , Lu Qiu , Ying Shan , Xihui Liu

We show that reinforcement learning with verifiable reward using one training example (1-shot RLVR) is effective in incentivizing the math reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Applying RLVR to the base model…

Effective personalization on large-scale job platforms requires modeling members based on heterogeneous textual sources, including profiles, professional data, and search activity logs. As recommender systems increasingly adopt Large…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Rajat Arora , Ye Tao , Jianqiang Shen , Ping Liu , Muchen Wu , Qianqi Shen , Benjamin Le , Fedor Borisyuk , Jingwei Wu , Wenjing Zhang

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a dominant paradigm for enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs) reasoning, yet its reliance on external verifiers limits its scalability. Recent findings suggest that RLVR…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Xin-Qiang Cai , Masashi Sugiyama

As Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to evolve, more are being designed to handle long-context inputs. Despite this advancement, most of them still face challenges in accurately handling long-context tasks, often showing the "lost in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Yijiong Yu , Yongfeng Huang , Zhixiao Qi , Zhe Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) often produce hallucinated or unverifiable content, undermining their reliability in factual domains. This work investigates Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) as a training paradigm that…

Multimodal Reward Models (MRMs) play a crucial role in enhancing the performance of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). While recent advancements have primarily focused on improving the model structure and training data of MRMs, there…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Yi-Fan Zhang , Xingyu Lu , Xiao Hu , Chaoyou Fu , Bin Wen , Tianke Zhang , Changyi Liu , Kaiyu Jiang , Kaibing Chen , Kaiyu Tang , Haojie Ding , Jiankang Chen , Fan Yang , Zhang Zhang , Tingting Gao , Liang Wang

Recent breakthroughs in large language models (LLMs) have fundamentally shifted recommender systems from discriminative to generative paradigms, where user behavior modeling is achieved by generating target items conditioned on historical…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Junfei Tan , Yuxin Chen , An Zhang , Junguang Jiang , Bin Liu , Ziru Xu , Han Zhu , Jian Xu , Bo Zheng , Xiang Wang

Recent studies have uncovered the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) in addressing complex sequential decision-making tasks through the provision of high-level instructions. However, LLM-based agents lack specialization in tackling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Zihao Zhou , Bin Hu , Chenyang Zhao , Pu Zhang , Bin Liu
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