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Large language models (LLMs) increasingly rely on reinforcement learning (RL) to enhance their reasoning capabilities through feedback. A critical challenge is verifying the consistency of model-generated responses and reference answers,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Xuzhao Li , Xuchen Li , Shiyu Hu , Yongzhen Guo , Wentao Zhang

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a key method for improving Large Language Models' reasoning capabilities, yet recent evidence suggests it may paradoxically shrink the reasoning boundary rather than…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Phuc Minh Nguyen , Chinh D. La , Duy M. H. Nguyen , Nitesh V. Chawla , Binh T. Nguyen , Khoa D. Doan

Reinforcement learning (RL) with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has demonstrated the great potential of enhancing the reasoning abilities in multimodal large language models (MLLMs). However, the reliance on language-centric priors and expensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Jiahao Xie , Alessio Tonioni , Nathalie Rauschmayr , Federico Tombari , Bernt Schiele

Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated strong potential in training large language models (LLMs) capable of complex reasoning for real-world problem solving. More recently, RL has been leveraged to create sophisticated LLM-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Bowen Jin , Jinsung Yoon , Priyanka Kargupta , Sercan O. Arik , Jiawei Han

Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms often require long training to become useful, especially in complex environments with sparse rewards. While techniques like reward shaping and curriculum learning exist to accelerate training, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Lukas Toral , Teddy Lazebnik

We present GoLongRL, a fully open-source, capability-oriented post-training recipe for long-context reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR). Existing long-context RL methods often treat data construction as a matter of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Minxuan Lv , Tiehua Mei , Tanlong Du , Junmin Chen , Zhenpeng Su , Ziyang Chen , Ziqi Wang , Zhennan Wu , Ruotong Pan , jian Liang , Ruiming Tang , Han Li

Large language models (LLMs) excel at logical and algorithmic reasoning, yet their emotional intelligence (EQ) still lags far behind their cognitive prowess. While reinforcement learning from verifiable rewards (RLVR) has advanced in other…

Recent large reasoning models (LRMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning capabilities through reinforcement learning (RL). These improvements have primarily been observed within the short-context reasoning tasks. In contrast, extending LRMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Fanqi Wan , Weizhou Shen , Shengyi Liao , Yingcheng Shi , Chenliang Li , Ziyi Yang , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang , Jingren Zhou , Ming Yan

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has been a main driver of recent breakthroughs in large reasoning models. Yet it remains a mystery how rewards based solely on final outcomes can help overcome the long-horizon barrier…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Yu Huang , Zixin Wen , Yuejie Chi , Yuting Wei , Aarti Singh , Yingbin Liang , Yuxin Chen

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) is a central paradigm for turning large language models (LLMs) into reliable problem solvers, especially in logic-heavy domains. Despite its empirical success, it remains unclear whether…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Mingyuan Fan , Weiguang Han , Daixin Wang , Cen Chen , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jun Zhou

Reinforcement learning from verifiable rewards (RLVR) has demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models. As models evolve into natively multimodal architectures, extending RLVR to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Chuanyu Qin , Chenxu Yang , Qingyi Si , Naibin Gu , Dingyu Yao , Zheng Lin , Peng Fu , Nan Duan , Jiaqi Wang

Understanding real-world videos with complex semantics and long temporal dependencies remains a fundamental challenge in computer vision. Recent progress in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has demonstrated strong capabilities in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Hongyu Li , Songhao Han , Yue Liao , Junfeng Luo , Jialin Gao , Shuicheng Yan , Si Liu

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized machine learning and related fields, showcasing remarkable abilities in comprehending, generating, and manipulating human language. However, their conventional usage through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Andrea Bacciu , Florin Cuconasu , Federico Siciliano , Fabrizio Silvestri , Nicola Tonellotto , Giovanni Trappolini

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) is an effective paradigm for improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models. However, existing RLVR methods utilize rollouts in an indiscriminate and short-horizon manner:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xiaodong Lu , Xiaohan Wang , Jiajun Chai , Guojun Yin , Wei Lin , Zhijun Chen , Yu Luo , Fuzhen Zhuang , Yikun Ban , Deqing Wang

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has proven effective in enhancing LLMs short-context reasoning, but its performance degrades in long-context scenarios that require both precise grounding and robust long-range…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Miao Peng , Weizhou Shen , Nuo Chen , Chenliang Li , Ming Yan , Jia Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate transformative potential, yet their reasoning remains inconsistent and unreliable. Reinforcement learning (RL)-based fine-tuning is a key mechanism for improvement, but its effectiveness is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Pei-Chi Pan , Yingbin Liang , Sen Lin

Large pretrained models are showing increasingly better performance in reasoning and planning tasks across different modalities, opening the possibility to leverage them for complex sequential decision making problems. In this paper, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Martin Klissarov , Devon Hjelm , Alexander Toshev , Bogdan Mazoure

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) empowers large language models (LLMs) to utilize external knowledge sources. The increasing capacity of LLMs to process longer input sequences opens up avenues for providing more retrieved information,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Bowen Jin , Jinsung Yoon , Jiawei Han , Sercan O. Arik

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced their capacity to process long contexts. However, effectively utilizing this long context remains a challenge due to the issue of distraction, where irrelevant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Zijun Wu , Bingyuan Liu , Ran Yan , Lei Chen , Thomas Delteil

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a promising paradigm for post-training large language models (LLMs) on complex reasoning tasks. Yet, the conditions under which RLVR yields robust generalization remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Brian Lu , Hongyu Zhao , Shuo Sun , Hao Peng , Rui Ding , Hongyuan Mei