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Advertising options have been recently studied as a special type of guaranteed contracts in online advertising, which are an alternative sales mechanism to real-time auctions. An advertising option is a contract which gives its buyer a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-08-29 Bowei Chen , Mohan Kankanhalli

Causal inference is best understood using potential outcomes. This use is particularly important in more complex settings, that is, observational studies or randomized experiments with complications such as noncompliance. The topic of this…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Donald B. Rubin

Randomized experiments with treatment and control groups are an important tool to measure the impacts of interventions. However, in experimental settings with one-sided noncompliance extant empirical approaches may not produce the estimands…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-04-25 Caio Waisman , Brett R. Gordon

In online advertising, a set of potential advertisements can be ranked by a certain auction system where usually the top-1 advertisement would be selected and displayed at an advertising space. In this paper, we show a selection bias issue…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Shinya Suzumura , Hitoshi Abe

Delayed outcomes are ubiquitous in online experimentation. When such a temporal dimension is present, treatment influences not only the outcome value but also the outcome timing, which can move in opposite directions. Motivated by the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-30 Michael Lindon , Nathan Kallus

In online internet advertising, machine learning models are widely used to compute the likelihood of a user engaging with product related advertisements. However, the performance of traditional machine learning models is often impacted due…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-06-22 Marcelo Tallis , Pranjul Yadav

Optimizing an interactive system against a predefined online metric is particularly challenging, when the metric is computed from user feedback such as clicks and payments. The key challenge is the counterfactual nature: in the case of Web…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-03-13 Lihong Li , Shunbao Chen , Jim Kleban , Ankur Gupta

Online platforms play an increasingly important role in shaping democracy by influencing the distribution of political information to the electorate. In recent years, political campaigns have spent heavily on the platforms' algorithmic…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Orestis Papakyriakopoulos , Christelle Tessono , Arvind Narayanan , Mihir Kshirsagar

In-app advertising closely relates to app revenue. Reckless ad integration could adversely impact app reliability and user experience, leading to loss of income. It is very challenging to balance the ad revenue and user experience for app…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-08-28 Cuiyun Gao , Jichuan Zeng , David Lo , Xin Xia , Irwin King , Michael R. Lyu

Auction-based recommender systems are prevalent in online advertising platforms, but they are typically optimized to allocate recommendation slots based on immediate expected return metrics, neglecting the downstream effects of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Ruiyang Xu , Jalaj Bhandari , Dmytro Korenkevych , Fan Liu , Yuchen He , Alex Nikulkov , Zheqing Zhu

A randomized experiment with almost 35 million Pandora listeners enables us to measure the sensitivity of consumers to advertising, an important topic of study in the era of ad-supported digital content provision. The experiment randomized…

General Economics · Economics 2024-12-10 Ali Goli , Jason Huang , David Reiley , Nickolai M. Riabov

Evaluating treatment effect heterogeneity widely informs treatment decision making. At the moment, much emphasis is placed on the estimation of the conditional average treatment effect via flexible machine learning algorithms. While these…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-07 Lihua Lei , Emmanuel J. Candès

We study causal inference under case-control and case-population sampling. Specifically, we focus on the binary-outcome and binary-treatment case, where the parameters of interest are causal relative and attributable risks defined via the…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-10-24 Sung Jae Jun , Sokbae Lee

In markets for online advertising, some advertisers pay only when users respond to ads. So publishers estimate ad response rates and multiply by advertiser bids to estimate expected revenue for showing ads. Since these estimates may be…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-06-08 Ragavendran Gopalakrishnan , Eric Bax , Krishna Prasad Chitrapura , Sachin Garg

Causal inference from observational data provides strong evidence for the best action in decision-making without performing expensive randomized trials. The effect of an action is usually not identifiable under unobserved confounding, even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Md Musfiqur Rahman , Ziwei Jiang , Hilaf Hasson , Murat Kocaoglu

Recent empirical work demonstrates that online advertisement can exhibit bias in the delivery of ads across users even when all advertisers bid in a non-discriminatory manner. We study the design of ad auctions that, given fair bids, are…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Shuchi Chawla , Meena Jagadeesan

Recommendations are commonly used to modify user's natural behavior, for example, increasing product sales or the time spent on a website. This results in a gap between the ultimate business objective and the classical setup where…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-05-23 Stephen Bonner , Flavian Vasile

Mature internet advertising platforms offer high-level campaign management tools to help advertisers run their campaigns, often abstracting away the intricacies of how each ad is placed and focusing on aggregate metrics of interest to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Vincent Conitzer , Christian Kroer , Debmalya Panigrahi , Okke Schrijvers , Eric Sodomka , Nicolas E. Stier-Moses , Chris Wilkens

Advertising becomes one of the most popular ways of monetizing an online transaction platform. Usually, sponsored advertisements are posted on the most attractive positions to enhance the number of clicks. However, multiple e-commerce…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Weian Li , Qi Qi , Changjun Wang , Changyuan Yu

Incrementality experiments compare customers exposed to a marketing action designed to increase sales to those randomly assigned to a control group. These experiments suffer from noisy responses which make precise estimation of the average…

Applications · Statistics 2023-05-11 Ron Berman , Elea McDonnell Feit