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We study the online budgeted allocation (also called ADWORDS) problem, where a set of impressions arriving online are allocated to a set of budget-constrained advertisers to maximize revenue. Motivated by connections to Internet…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-03-28 Nathaniel Kell , Debmalya Panigrahi

The "free trial" followed by automatic renewal is a dominant business model in the digital economy. Standard models explain trials as a mechanism for consumers to learn their valuation for a product. We propose a complementary theory based…

General Economics · Economics 2025-09-18 F. Nguyen

Online experimentation is at the core of Booking.com's customer-centric product development. While randomised controlled trials are a powerful tool for estimating the overall effects of product changes on business metrics, they often fall…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-10-31 Bahattin Tolga Öztan , Zoé van Havre , Caio Gomes , Lukas Vermeer

In this work, we consider causal inference in various high-dimensional treatment settings, including for single multi-valued treatments and vector treatments with binary or continuous components, when the number of treatments can be…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-26 Patrick Kramer , Edward H. Kennedy , Isaac M. Opper

We address formally the problem of opinion dynamics when the agents of a social network (e.g., consumers) are not only influenced by their neighbors but also by an external influential entity referred to as a marketer. The influential…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-18 I. C. Morarescu , V. S. Varma , L. Busoniu , S. Lasaulce

The real-time bidding (RTB), aka programmatic buying, has recently become the fastest growing area in online advertising. Instead of bulking buying and inventory-centric buying, RTB mimics stock exchanges and utilises computer algorithms to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-06-28 Shuai Yuan , Jun Wang , Xiaoxue Zhao

We consider a brand with a given budget that wants to promote a product over multiple rounds of influencer marketing. In each round, it commissions an influencer to promote the product over a social network, and then observes the subsequent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Shatian Wang , Zhen Xu , Van-Anh Truong

In this paper, we deal with the uncertainty of bidding for display advertising. Similar to the financial market trading, real-time bidding (RTB) based display advertising employs an auction mechanism to automate the impression level media…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-01-23 Haifeng Zhang , Weinan Zhang , Yifei Rong , Kan Ren , Wenxin Li , Jun Wang

We study experiments on interacting populations of humans and AI agents, where both unit types and the interaction network remain unobserved. Although causal effects propagate throughout the system, the goal is to estimate effects on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-03 William Overman , Sadegh Shirani , Mohsen Bayati

Efficient allocation of impressions to advertisers in display advertising has a significant impact on advertisers' utility and the browsing experience of users. The problem becomes particularly challenging in the presence of advertisers…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-07-23 Davood Shamsi , Marius Holtan , Robert Luenberger , Yinyu Ye

Programmatic advertising consists in automated auctioning of digital ad space. Every time a user requests a web page, placeholders on the page are populated with ads from the highest-bidding advertisers. The bids are typically based on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Emil Häglund , Johanna Björklund

We propose a new nonparametric modeling framework for causal inference when outcomes depend on how agents are linked in a social or economic network. Such network interference describes a large literature on treatment spillovers, social…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-03-25 Eric Auerbach , Hongchang Guo , Max Tabord-Meehan

Information retrieval systems, such as online marketplaces, news feeds, and search engines, are ubiquitous in today's digital society. They facilitate information discovery by ranking retrieved items on predicted relevance, i.e. likelihood…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-05-16 Rina Friedberg , Karthik Rajkumar , Jialiang Mao , Qian Yao , YinYin Yu , Min Liu

Online advertising platforms must decide how to allocate multiple ads across limited screen real estate, where each ad's effectiveness depends not only on its own placement but also on nearby ads competing for user attention. Such spatial…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Gagan Aggarwal , Yifan Wang , Mingfei Zhao

The evolving landscape of online multiplayer gaming presents unique challenges in assessing the causal impacts of game features. Traditional A/B testing methodologies fall short due to complex player interactions, leading to violations of…

Applications · Statistics 2024-02-15 Yu Zhu , Zehang Richard Li , Yang Su , Zhenyu Zhao

In online platforms, the impact of a treatment on an observed outcome may change over time as 1) users learn about the intervention, and 2) the system personalization, such as individualized recommendations, change over time. We introduce a…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-02 Evan Munro , David Jones , Jennifer Brennan , Roland Nelet , Vahab Mirrokni , Jean Pouget-Abadie

The problem of measuring the true incremental effectiveness of a digital advertising campaign is of increasing importance to marketers. With a large and increasing percentage of digital advertising delivered via Demand-Side-Platforms (DSPs)…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-05-04 Prasad Chalasani , Ari Buchalter , Jaynth Thiagarajan , Ezra Winston

Online advertising banners are sold in real-time through auctions.Typically, the more banners a user is shown, the smaller the marginalvalue of the next banner for this user is. This fact can be detected bybasic ML models, that can be used…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Benjamin Heymann , Rémi Chan--Renous-Legoubin , Alexandre Gilotte

Companies like Google and Microsoft run billions of auctions every day to sell advertising opportunities. Any change to the rules of these auctions can have a tremendous effect on the revenue of the company and the welfare of the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-11-07 Saeed Alaei , Ashwinkumar Badanidiyuru , Mohammad Mahdian , Sadra Yazdanbod

How should researchers analyze randomized experiments in which the main outcome is latent and measured in multiple ways but each measure contains some degree of error? We first identify a critical study-specific noncomparability problem in…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-13 Jiawei Fu , Donald P. Green
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