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Social influence drives both offline and online human behaviour. It pervades cultural markets, and manifests itself in the adoption of scientific and technical innovations as well as the spread of social practices. Prior empirical work on…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-07-14 J. -P. Onnela , F. Reed-Tsochas

Randomized experiments on a network often involve interference between connected units; i.e., a situation in which an individual's treatment can affect the response of another individual. Current approaches to deal with interference, in…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-05-17 Guillaume Basse , Edoardo Airoldi

Many applications of RCTs involve the presence of multiple treatment administrators -- from field experiments to online advertising -- that compete for the subjects' attention. In the face of competition, estimating a causal effect becomes…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Ana-Andreea Stoica , Vivian Y. Nastl , Moritz Hardt

Causal evidence is needed to act and it is often enough for the evidence to point towards a direction of the effect of an action. For example, policymakers might be interested in estimating the effect of slightly increasing taxes on private…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-08-11 Dominik Rothenhäusler , Bin Yu

We propose a modeling procedure for estimating immediate responses to TV ads and evaluating the factors influencing their size. First, we capture diurnal and seasonal patterns of website visits using the kernel smoothing method. Second, we…

Applications · Statistics 2024-05-09 Lukáš Veverka , Vladimír Holý

Adolescents spend an increasing amount of their time in digital environments where their still-developing cognitive capacities leave them unable to recognize or resist commercial persuasion. Article 28(2) of the DSA responds to this…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Sara Solarova , Matej Mosnar , Matus Tibensky , Jan Jakubcik , Adrian Bindas , Simon Liska , Filip Hossner , Matúš Mesarčík , Ivan Srba

We study online learning in contextual pay-per-click auctions where at each of the $T$ rounds, the learner receives some context along with a set of ads and needs to make an estimate on their click-through rate (CTR) in order to run a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Mengxiao Zhang , Haipeng Luo

Major deployed generative AI advertising systems preserve a visible boundary between commercial content and AI-generated responses. Yet empirical research shows that ads woven directly into large language model (LLM) outputs often go…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jingyi Qiu , Qiaozhu Mei

This study addresses the challenge of estimating average treatment effects (ATEs) for advertising campaigns in online marketplaces where complete randomized experimentation is infeasible. We propose two key innovations: (1) a shrinkage…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-01 Yen-Chun Liu , Alexander Volfovsky , German Schnaidt , Cristobal Garib , Eric Laber

Evaluating the causal effect of recommendations is an important objective because the causal effect on user interactions can directly leads to an increase in sales and user engagement. To select an optimal recommendation model, it is common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Masahiro Sato

During the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, a common strategy for public health organizations around the world has been to launch interventions via advertising campaigns on social media. Despite this ubiquity, little has been known about…

General Economics · Economics 2022-06-22 Susan Athey , Kristen Grabarz , Michael Luca , Nils Wernerfelt

Click prediction is one of the fundamental problems in sponsored search. Most of existing studies took advantage of machine learning approaches to predict ad click for each event of ad view independently. However, as observed in the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2014-07-29 Yuyu Zhang , Hanjun Dai , Chang Xu , Jun Feng , Taifeng Wang , Jiang Bian , Bin Wang , Tie-Yan Liu

Causal inference is capable of estimating the treatment effect (i.e., the causal effect of treatment on the outcome) to benefit the decision making in various domains. One fundamental challenge in this research is that the treatment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Qian Li , Zhichao Wang , Shaowu Liu , Gang Li , Guandong Xu

This paper presents a randomization-based framework for estimating causal effects under interference between units, motivated by challenges that arise in analyzing experiments on social networks. The framework integrates three components:…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-06-21 Peter M. Aronow , Cyrus Samii

The era of big data has witnessed an increasing availability of observational data from mobile and social networking, online advertising, web mining, healthcare, education, public policy, marketing campaigns, and so on, which facilitates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Zhixuan Chu , Ruopeng Li , Stephen Rathbun , Sheng Li

This research presents an innovative and unique way of solving the advertisement prediction problem which is considered as a learning problem over the past several years. Online advertising is a multi-billion-dollar industry and is growing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-02-15 Muhammad Junaid Effendi , Syed Abbas Ali

Construction of just-in-time adaptive interventions, such as prompts delivered by mobile apps to promote and maintain behavioral change, requires knowledge about time-varying moderated effects to inform when and how we deliver intervention…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-06 Jieru Shi , Zhenke Wu , Walter Dempsey

Online advertisements have become one of today's most widely used tools for enhancing businesses partly because of their compatibility with A/B testing. A/B testing allows sellers to find effective advertisement strategies such as ad…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Akira Matsui , Daisuke Moriwaki

Causal inference deals with identifying which random variables "cause" or control other random variables. Recent advances on the topic of causal inference based on tools from statistical estimation and machine learning have resulted in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-08-23 Matt J. Kusner , Yu Sun , Karthik Sridharan , Kilian Q. Weinberger

Bipartite experiments arise in various fields, in which the treatments are randomized over one set of units, while the outcomes are measured over another separate set of units. However, existing methods often rely on strong model…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-16 Sizhu Lu , Lei Shi , Yue Fang , Wenxin Zhang , Peng Ding