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This study investigates the development and assessment of an artificial human designed as a conversational AI chatbot, focusing on its role as a clinical psychologist. The project involved creating a specialized chatbot using the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Birger Moell

As large language models (LLMs) improve in their capacity to serve as personal AI assistants, their ability to output uniquely tailored, personalized responses that align with the soft preferences of their users is essential for enhancing…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Jessica Y. Bo , Tianyu Xu , Ishan Chatterjee , Katrina Passarella-Ward , Achin Kulshrestha , D Shin

The application of AI-powered tools has piqued the interest of many fields, particularly in the academic community. This study uses ChatGPT, currently the most powerful and popular AI tool, as a representative example to analyze how the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Yao Tian , Chengwei Tong , Lik-Hang Lee , Reza Hadi Mogavi , Yong Liao , Pengyuan Zhou

Large language models have not only captivated the public imagination but have also sparked a profound rethinking of how we learn. In the third year following the breakthrough launch of ChatGPT, everyday informal learning has been…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Nađa Terzimehić , Babette Bühler , Enkelejda Kasneci

As conversational AI systems become popular for information retrieval and question-answering, the references they cite are key to ensuring their answers are reliable and trustworthy. Yet, no prior work systematically analyzes how these…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Jianheng Ouyang , Arpit Narechania

Long-term life task planning is inherently complex and uncertain, yet little is known about how emerging AI systems support this process. This study investigates how people use ChatGPT for such planning tasks, focusing on user practices,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Ben Wang , Jiqun Liu

AI companion chatbots, such as those offered by Replika and CharacterAI, increasingly function as always-available companions that provide empathy, validation, and support. While these systems appear to meet basic needs for connection,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Minh Duc Chu , Patrick Gerard , Kshitij Pawar , Charles Bickham , Kristina Lerman

The widespread adoption of conversational AI platforms has introduced new security and privacy risks. While these risks and their mitigation strategies have been extensively researched from a technical perspective, users' perceptions of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Mutahar Ali , Arjun Arunasalam , Habiba Farrukh

In recent years, generative AI has undergone major advancements, demonstrating significant promise in augmenting human productivity. Notably, large language models (LLM), with ChatGPT-4 as an example, have drawn considerable attention.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Sida Peng , Wojciech Swiatek , Allen Gao , Paul Cullivan , Haoge Chang

This study examines the rhetorical and linguistic features of argumentative texts generated by ChatGPT on ethically nuanced topics and investigates their persuasive impact on human readers.Through a user study involving 62 participants and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Daniel Raffini , Agnese Macori , Lorenzo Porcaro , Tiziana Catarci , Marco Angelini

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning have changed the nature of scientific inquiry in recent years. Of these, the development of virtual assistants has accelerated greatly in the past few years, with ChatGPT becoming a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Sukhpal Singh Gill , Rupinder Kaur

Conversational agents have made significant progress since ELIZA, expanding their role across various domains, including healthcare, education, and customer service. As these agents become increasingly integrated into daily human…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Paulo Ricardo Knob , Leonardo Scholler , Juliano Rigatti , Soraia Raupp Musse

Artificial Intelligence (AI) for supporting healthcare services has never been more necessitated than by the recent global pandemic. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in AI-enabled Chatbots in healthcare proposed during the last 10 years…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Basabdatta Sen Bhattacharya , Vibhav Sinai Pissurlenkar

Chatbots such as GPT-4 and ChatGPT are now serving millions of users. Despite their widespread use, there remains a lack of public datasets showcasing how these tools are used by a population of users in practice. To bridge this gap, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Wenting Zhao , Xiang Ren , Jack Hessel , Claire Cardie , Yejin Choi , Yuntian Deng

The widespread availability of large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, has significantly impacted education, raising both opportunities and challenges. Students can frequently interact with LLM-powered, interactive learning tools,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Hunter McNichols , Fareya Ikram , Andrew Lan

Many Large Language Model (LLM) chatbots are designed and used for companionship, and people have reported forming friendships, mentorships, and romantic partnerships with them. Concerns that companion chatbots may harm or replace real…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Rose E. Guingrich , Michael S. A. Graziano

Conversational generative AI systems such as ChatGPT are transforming how people seek and engage with information online. Unlike traditional search engines, these systems support open-ended, conversational inquiry, yet it remains unclear…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yulin Yu , Yizhou Li , Siddharth Suri , Scott Counts

In the rapidly evolving domain of artificial intelligence, chatbots have emerged as a potent tool for various applications ranging from e-commerce to healthcare. This research delves into the intricacies of chatbot technology, from its…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Feriel Khennouche , Youssef Elmir , Nabil Djebari , Yassine Himeur , Abbes Amira

AI tools, particularly large-scale language model (LLM) based applications such as ChatGPT, have the potential to simplify qualitative research. Through semi-structured interviews with seventeen participants, we identified challenges and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-14 He Zhang , Chuhao Wu , Jingyi Xie , Yao Lyu , Jie Cai , John M. Carroll

We perform a mixed-method frame semantics-based analysis on a dataset of more than 49,000 sentences collected from 5846 news articles that mention AI. The dataset covers the twelve-month period centred around the launch of OpenAI's chatbot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Igor Ryazanov , Carl Öhman , Johanna Björklund