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Recent research has demonstrated the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) for autonomous penetration testing, particularly when using cloud-based restricted-weight models. However, reliance on such models introduces security, privacy,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Benjamin Probst , Andreas Happe , Jürgen Cito

A core element in decision-making under uncertainty is the feedback on the quality of the performed actions. However, in many applications, such feedback is restricted. For example, in recommendation systems, repeatedly asking the user to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Yonathan Efroni , Nadav Merlis , Aadirupa Saha , Shie Mannor

Large language models (LLMs) significantly enhance the performance of various applications, but they are computationally intensive and energy-demanding. This makes it challenging to deploy them on devices with limited resources, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Yang Li , Daniel Agyei Asante , Changsheng Zhao , Ernie Chang , Yangyang Shi , Vikas Chandra

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the realm of mathematical reasoning necessitates comprehensive evaluations to gauge progress and inspire future directions. Existing assessments predominantly focus on problem-solving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Xiaoyuan Li , Wenjie Wang , Moxin Li , Junrong Guo , Yang Zhang , Fuli Feng

Large pre-trained models can dramatically reduce the amount of task-specific data required to solve a problem, but they often fail to capture domain-specific nuances out of the box. The Web likely contains the information necessary to excel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Hamed Damirchi , Cristian Rodríguez-Opazo , Ehsan Abbasnejad , Damien Teney , Javen Qinfeng Shi , Stephen Gould , Anton van den Hengel

Crucial performance metrics of a caching algorithm include its ability to quickly and accurately learn a popularity distribution of requests. However, a majority of work on analytical performance analysis focuses on hit probability after an…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Archana Bura , Desik Rengarajan , Dileep Kalathil , Srinivas Shakkottai , Jean-Francois Chamberland-Tremblay

Frontier Large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and Gemini can decipher cryptic compiler errors for novice programmers, but their computational scale, cost, and tendency to over-assist make them problematic for widespread pedagogical…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Lorenzo Lee Solano , Charles Koutcheme , Juho Leinonen , Alexandra Vassar , Jake Renzella

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has driven progress in reasoning tasks -- from program synthesis to scientific hypothesis generation -- yet their ability to handle ranked preferences and structured algorithms in combinatorial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Hadi Hosseini , Samarth Khanna , Ronak Singh

The statistical framework of Generalized Linear Models (GLM) can be applied to sequential problems involving categorical or ordinal rewards associated, for instance, with clicks, likes or ratings. In the example of binary rewards, logistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Yoan Russac , Olivier Cappé , Aurélien Garivier

Large Language Models (LLMs) and other large foundation models have achieved noteworthy success, but their size exacerbates existing resource consumption and latency challenges. In particular, the large-scale deployment of these models is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Banghua Zhu , Ying Sheng , Lianmin Zheng , Clark Barrett , Michael I. Jordan , Jiantao Jiao

As LLMs and foundation models scale, checkpoint/restore has become a critical pattern for training and inference. With 3D parallelism (tensor, pipeline, data), checkpointing involves many processes, each managing numerous tensors of varying…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Mikaila J. Gossman , Avinash Maurya , Bogdan Nicolae , Jon C. Calhoun

Large Language Models (LLMs) based on the pre-trained fine-tuning paradigm have become pivotal in solving natural language processing tasks, consistently achieving state-of-the-art performance. Nevertheless, the theoretical understanding of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Jing Luo , Huiyuan Wang , Weiran Huang

As content generated by Large Language Model (LLM) has grown exponentially, the ability to accurately identify and fingerprint such text has become increasingly crucial. In this work, we introduce a novel black-box approach for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Dmitri Iourovitski , Sanat Sharma , Rakshak Talwar

Large language models (LLMs) struggle with multi-step reasoning, where inference-time scaling has emerged as a promising strategy for performance improvement. Verifier-guided search outperforms repeated sampling when sample size is limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Fei Yu , Yingru Li , Benyou Wang

Most recommender systems recommend a list of items. The user examines the list, from the first item to the last, and often chooses the first attractive item and does not examine the rest. This type of user behavior can be modeled by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-07-01 Shi Zong , Hao Ni , Kenny Sung , Nan Rosemary Ke , Zheng Wen , Branislav Kveton

Large language models with billions of parameters, such as GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and LLaMA, are increasingly prevalent. Numerous studies have explored effective prompting techniques to harness the power of these LLMs for various research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Hai-Long Nguyen , Duc-Minh Nguyen , Tan-Minh Nguyen , Ha-Thanh Nguyen , Thi-Hai-Yen Vuong , Ken Satoh

Recent advancements in DeepFake generation, along with the proliferation of open-source tools, have significantly lowered the barrier for creating synthetic media. This trend poses a serious threat to the integrity and authenticity of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Spiros Baxavanakis , Manos Schinas , Symeon Papadopoulos

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) is intended to improve their reasoning capabilities, yet we uncover a counterintuitive effect: models often forget how to solve problems they previously answered correctly during training. We term…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yuetai Li , Zhangchen Xu , Fengqing Jiang , Bhaskar Ramasubramanian , Luyao Niu , Bill Yuchen Lin , Xiang Yue , Radha Poovendran

Modern retrieval systems do not rely on a single ranking model to construct their rankings. Instead, they generally take a cascading approach where a sequence of ranking models are applied in multiple re-ranking stages. Thereby, they…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Harrie Oosterhuis , Rolf Jagerman , Zhen Qin , Xuanhui Wang

While the SLIM approach obtained high ranking-accuracy in many experiments in the literature, it is also known for its high computational cost of learning its parameters from data. For this reason, we focus in this paper on variants of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-05-01 Harald Steck