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Recent advancements in multimodal slow-thinking systems have demonstrated remarkable performance across various visual reasoning tasks. However, their capabilities in text-rich image reasoning tasks remain understudied due to the absence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Mingxin Huang , Yongxin Shi , Dezhi Peng , Songxuan Lai , Zecheng Xie , Lianwen Jin

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have made significant strides in visual question-answering for single images. Recent advancements like long-context LMMs have allowed them to ingest larger, or even multiple, images. However, the ability to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Tsung-Han Wu , Giscard Biamby , Jerome Quenum , Ritwik Gupta , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Trevor Darrell , David M. Chan

Benchmarks for large language models (LLMs) have predominantly assessed short-horizon, localized reasoning. Existing long-horizon suites (e.g. SWE-bench) rely on manually curated issues, so expanding or tuning difficulty demands expensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Kaivalya Hariharan , Uzay Girit , Atticus Wang , Jacob Andreas

Large language models (LLMs) are essential tools that users employ across various scenarios, so evaluating their performance and guiding users in selecting the suitable service is important. Although many benchmarks exist, they mainly focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Jiayin Wang , Fengran Mo , Weizhi Ma , Peijie Sun , Min Zhang , Jian-Yun Nie

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown promising reasoning abilities, yet evaluating their performance in specialized domains remains challenging. STEM reasoning is a particularly valuable testbed because it provides highly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Jing Jin , Hao Liu , Yan Bai , Yihang Lou , Zhenke Wang , Tianrun Yuan , Juntong Chen , Yongkang Zhu , Fanhu Zeng , Xuanyu Zhu , Tao Feng , Yige Xu

Geographic reasoning is a fundamental cognitive capability that requires models to infer plausible locations by synthesizing visual evidence with spatial world knowledge. Despite recent advances in large vision-language models (LVLMs),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Pengyue Jia , Yingyi Zhang , Xiangyu Zhao , Sharon Li

Multi-view understanding, the ability to reconcile visual information across diverse viewpoints for effective navigation, manipulation, and 3D scene comprehension, is a fundamental challenge in Multi-Modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Chun-Hsiao Yeh , Chenyu Wang , Shengbang Tong , Ta-Ying Cheng , Ruoyu Wang , Tianzhe Chu , Yuexiang Zhai , Yubei Chen , Shenghua Gao , Yi Ma

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in commonsense reasoning; however, some variations in questions can trigger incorrect responses. Do these models truly understand commonsense knowledge, or just memorize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Xiaoyuan Li , Moxin Li , Rui Men , Yichang Zhang , Keqin Bao , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Dayiheng Liu , Junyang Lin

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) continue to struggle to make morally salient judgments in multimodal and socially ambiguous contexts. Prior works typically rely on binary or pairwise supervision, which often fail to capture the continuous and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Eunkyu Park , Wesley Hanwen Deng , Cheyon Jin , Matheus Kunzler Maldaner , Jordan Wheeler , Jason I. Hong , Hong Shen , Adam Perer , Ken Holstein , Motahhare Eslami , Gunhee Kim

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) exhibit impressive problem-solving abilities in various domains, but their visual comprehension and abstract reasoning skills remain under-evaluated. To this end, we present PolyMATH, a challenging…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Himanshu Gupta , Shreyas Verma , Ujjwala Anantheswaran , Kevin Scaria , Mihir Parmar , Swaroop Mishra , Chitta Baral

Recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have substantially expanded the capabilities of multimodal retrieval, enabling systems to align and retrieve information across visual and textual modalities. Yet, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xuan Lu , Kangle Li , Haohang Huang , Rui Meng , Wenjun Zeng , Xiaoyu Shen

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant improvements across a variety of tasks, one of which is the long-context capability. The key to improving long-context performance lies in effective data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Keer Lu , Xiaonan Nie , Zheng Liang , Da Pan , Shusen Zhang , Keshi Zhao , Weipeng Chen , Zenan Zhou , Guosheng Dong , Bin Cui , Wentao Zhang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in various multimodal tasks. To pursue higher intelligence in space, MLLMs require integrating multiple spatial capabilities, even for handling simple and normal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Ziyang Gong , Wenhao Li , Oliver Ma , Songyuan Li , Zhaokai Wang , Songyuan Li , Jiayi Ji , Xue Yang , Gen Luo , Junchi Yan , Rongrong Ji

Evaluating multimodal large language models (MLLMs) is fundamentally challenged by the absence of structured, interpretable, and theoretically grounded benchmarks; current heuristically-grouped tasks have vague cognitive targets,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Shengwu. Xiong , Tianyu. Zou , Cong. Wang , Xuelong Li

Large language models (LLMs) are powerful tools capable of handling diverse tasks. Comparing and selecting appropriate LLMs for specific tasks requires systematic evaluation methods, as models exhibit varying capabilities across different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Anna Sokol , Elizabeth Daly , Michael Hind , David Piorkowski , Xiangliang Zhang , Nuno Moniz , Nitesh Chawla

Language models are now capable of solving tasks that require dealing with long sequences consisting of hundreds of thousands of tokens. However, they often fail on tasks that require repetitive use of simple rules, even on sequences that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Mirelle Bueno , Roberto Lotufo , Rodrigo Nogueira

Image geolocalization, the task of identifying the geographic location depicted in an image, is important for applications in crisis response, digital forensics, and location-based intelligence. While recent advances in large language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Lingyao Li , Runlong Yu , Qikai Hu , Bowei Li , Min Deng , Yang Zhou , Xiaowei Jia

Although large multimodal models (LMMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in visual scene interpretation and reasoning, their capacity for complex and precise 3-dimensional spatial reasoning remains uncertain. Existing benchmarks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Xingrui Wang , Wufei Ma , Tiezheng Zhang , Celso M de Melo , Jieneng Chen , Alan Yuille

The rapid evolution of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has brought substantial advancements in artificial intelligence, significantly enhancing the capability to understand and generate multimodal content. While prior studies have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Lin Li , Guikun Chen , Hanrong Shi , Jun Xiao , Long Chen

The advancement of large language models (LLMs) has led to a greater challenge of having a rigorous and systematic evaluation of complex tasks performed, especially in enterprise applications. Therefore, LLMs need to be able to benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Bing Zhang , Mikio Takeuchi , Ryo Kawahara , Shubhi Asthana , Md. Maruf Hossain , Guang-Jie Ren , Kate Soule , Yada Zhu