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Multi-hop reasoning, which requires multi-step reasoning based on the supporting documents within a given context, remains challenging for large language models (LLMs). LLMs often struggle to filter out irrelevant documents within the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Sangwon Yu , Ik-hwan Kim , Jongyoon Song , Saehyung Lee , Junsung Park , Sungroh Yoon

Existing benchmarks for large language models (LLMs) increasingly struggle to differentiate between top-performing models, underscoring the need for more challenging evaluation frameworks. We introduce MMLU-Pro+, an enhanced benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Saeid Asgari Taghanaki , Aliasgahr Khani , Amir Khasahmadi

This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the current status and opportunities for Large Language Models (LLMs) in strategic reasoning, a sophisticated form of reasoning that necessitates understanding and predicting adversary actions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yadong Zhang , Shaoguang Mao , Tao Ge , Xun Wang , Adrian de Wynter , Yan Xia , Wenshan Wu , Ting Song , Man Lan , Furu Wei

A well-executed graphic design typically achieves harmony in two levels, from the fine-grained design elements (color, font and layout) to the overall design. This complexity makes the comprehension of graphic design challenging, for it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Jieru Lin , Danqing Huang , Tiejun Zhao , Dechen Zhan , Chin-Yew Lin

Vision language models (VLMs) are an exciting emerging class of language models (LMs) that have merged classic LM capabilities with those of image processing systems. However, the ways that these capabilities combine are not always…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Qiucheng Wu , Handong Zhao , Michael Saxon , Trung Bui , William Yang Wang , Yang Zhang , Shiyu Chang

While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated extraordinary vision-language understanding capabilities, their abilities to solve instance-level visual-language problems beyond a single image warrant further exploration.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Yunqiu Xu , Linchao Zhu , Yi Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have undergone rapid progress, largely attributed to reinforcement learning on complex reasoning tasks. In contrast, while spatial intelligence is fundamental for Vision-Language Models (VLMs) in real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Zijian Song , Xiaoxin Lin , Qiuming Huang , Sihan Qin , Guangrun Wang , Liang Lin

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable ability in various language tasks, especially with their emergent in-context learning capability. Extending LLMs to incorporate visual inputs, large vision-language models (LVLMs) have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Aneesh Komanduri , Karuna Bhaila , Xintao Wu

Existing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) suffer from significant performance degradation on the long document understanding task as document length increases. This stems from two fundamental challenges: 1) a low Signal-to-Noise…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hao Yan , Yuliang Liu , Xingchen Liu , Yuyi Zhang , Minghui Liao , Jihao Wu , Wei Chen , Xiang Bai

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel in semantic tasks, they frequently lack the "spatial sense" essential for sophisticated geometric reasoning. Current models typically suffer from exorbitant modality-alignment costs and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yi Zhang , Youya Xia , Yong Wang , Meng Song , Xin Wu , Wenjun Wan , Bingbing Liu , AiXue Ye , Hongbo Zhang , Feng Wen

Long-range tasks demand reasoning over long inputs. However, existing solutions are limited, e.g., long-context models require large compute budgets, parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) needs training data, and retrieval-augmented…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Dulhan Jayalath , James Bradley Wendt , Nicholas Monath , Sandeep Tata , Beliz Gunel

Scientific problem-solving involves synthesizing information while applying expert knowledge. We introduce CURIE, a scientific long-Context Understanding,Reasoning and Information Extraction benchmark to measure the potential of Large…

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on reasoning benchmarks like math and logic. While many works have largely assumed well-defined tasks, real-world queries are often underspecified and only solvable by acquiring…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Belinda Z. Li , Been Kim , Zi Wang

As multimodal large language models (MLLMs) continue to demonstrate increasingly competitive performance across a broad spectrum of tasks, more intricate and comprehensive benchmarks have been developed to assess these cutting-edge models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Haoran Zhang , Hangyu Guo , Shuyue Guo , Meng Cao , Wenhao Huang , Jiaheng Liu , Ge Zhang

We explore the application of large language models (LLMs) to empower domain experts in integrating large, heterogeneous, and noisy urban spatial datasets. Traditional rule-based integration methods are unable to cover all edge cases,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Bin Han , Robert Wolfe , Anat Caspi , Bill Howe

With the increasing demand for step-wise, cross-modal, and knowledge-grounded reasoning, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are evolving beyond the traditional fixed retrieve-then-generate paradigm toward more sophisticated agentic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xuying Ning , Dongqi Fu , Tianxin Wei , Mengting Ai , Jiaru Zou , Ting-Wei Li , Hanghang Tong , Yada Zhu , Hendrik Hamann , Jingrui He

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve remarkable performance across various tasks, they often struggle with complex reasoning tasks, such as answering mathematical questions. Recent efforts to address this issue have primarily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Jikun Kang , Xin Zhe Li , Xi Chen , Amirreza Kazemi , Qianyi Sun , Boxing Chen , Dong Li , Xu He , Quan He , Feng Wen , Jianye Hao , Jun Yao

While Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) excel in general visual tasks, their deployment in specialized financial contexts remains insufficient. Existing benchmarks prioritize isolated charts, often overlooking the need to integrate data from…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jiayong Zhu , Jiangtong Li , Jinru Ding , Dawei Cheng , Jie Xu , Feng Yu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) achieve strong performance on benchmarks that evaluate text, image, or video understanding separately. However, these settings do not assess a critical real-world requirement, which involves…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Dannong Xu , Zhongyu Yang , Jun Chen , Yingfang Yuan , Ming Hu , Lei Sun , Luc Van Gool , Danda Pani Paudel , Chun-Mei Feng

While reasoning and multilingual capabilities in language models (LMs) have achieved remarkable progress in recent years, their integration into a unified paradigm - multilingual reasoning - is at a nascent stage. Multilingual reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Akash Ghosh , Debayan Datta , Sriparna Saha , Chirag Agarwal
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