Vision-Language Models (VLMs) continue to struggle to make morally salient judgments in multimodal and socially ambiguous contexts. Prior works typically rely on binary or pairwise supervision, which often fail to capture the continuous and pluralistic nature of human moral reasoning. We present MM-SCALE (Multimodal Moral Scale), a large-scale dataset for aligning VLMs with human moral preferences through 5-point scalar ratings and explicit modality grounding. Each image-scenario pair is annotated with moral acceptability scores and grounded reasoning labels by humans using an interface we tailored for data collection, enabling listwise preference optimization over ranked scenario sets. By moving from discrete to scalar supervision, our framework provides richer alignment signals and finer calibration of multimodal moral reasoning. Experiments show that VLMs fine-tuned on MM-SCALE achieve higher ranking fidelity and more stable safety calibration than those trained with binary signals.
@article{arxiv.2602.03665,
title = {MM-SCALE: Grounded Multimodal Moral Reasoning via Scalar Judgment and Listwise Alignment},
author = {Eunkyu Park and Wesley Hanwen Deng and Cheyon Jin and Matheus Kunzler Maldaner and Jordan Wheeler and Jason I. Hong and Hong Shen and Adam Perer and Ken Holstein and Motahhare Eslami and Gunhee Kim},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.03665},
year = {2026}
}