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Legal judgment prediction (LJP) applies Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to predict judgment results based on fact descriptions automatically. Recently, large-scale public datasets and advances in NLP research have led to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Junyun Cui , Xiaoyu Shen , Feiping Nie , Zheng Wang , Jinglong Wang , Yulong Chen

Legal judgment prediction(LJP) is an essential task for legal AI. While prior methods studied on this topic in a pseudo setting by employing the judge-summarized case narrative as the input to predict the judgment, neglecting critical case…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Luyao Ma , Yating Zhang , Tianyi Wang , Xiaozhong Liu , Wei Ye , Changlong Sun , Shikun Zhang

Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) aims to predict judicial outcomes, including relevant legal charge, terms, and fines, which is a crucial process in Large Language Model(LLM). However, LJP faces two key challenges: (1)Long Tail Distribution:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Ao Chang , Tong Zhou , Yubo Chen , Delai Qiu , Shengping Liu , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) has become an increasingly crucial task in Legal AI, i.e., predicting the judgment of the case in terms of case fact description. Precedents are the previous legal cases with similar facts, which are the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Yiquan Wu , Siying Zhou , Yifei Liu , Weiming Lu , Xiaozhong Liu , Yating Zhang , Changlong Sun , Fei Wu , Kun Kuang

Multiple defendants in a criminal fact description generally exhibit complex interactions, and cannot be well handled by existing Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) methods which focus on predicting judgment results (e.g., law articles,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Yougang Lyu , Jitai Hao , Zihan Wang , Kai Zhao , Shen Gao , Pengjie Ren , Zhumin Chen , Fang Wang , Zhaochun Ren

Legal judgment prediction (LJP), which enables litigants and their lawyers to forecast judgment outcomes and refine litigation strategies, has emerged as a crucial legal NLP task. Existing studies typically utilize legal facts, i.e., facts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Junkai Liu , Yujie Tong , Hui Huang , Bowen Zheng , Yiran Hu , Peicheng Wu , Chuan Xiao , Makoto Onizuka , Muyun Yang , Shuyuan Zheng

Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) is a longstanding and open topic in the theory and practice-of-law. Predicting the nature and outcomes of judicial matters is abundantly warranted, keenly sought, and vigorously pursued by those within the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Lance Eliot

Legal judgment prediction (LJP) aims to predict judicial outcomes from case facts and typically includes law article, charge, and sentencing prediction. While recent methods perform well on the first two subtasks, legal sentencing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Junjie Chen , Haitao Li , Qilei Zhang , Zhenghua Li , Ya Zhang , Quan Zhou , Cheng Luo , Yiqun Liu , Dongsheng Guo , Qingyao Ai

Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) is a judicial assistance system that recommends the legal components such as applicable statues, prison term and penalty term by analyzing the given input case document. Indian legal system is in the need of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Prameela Madambakam , Shathanaa Rajmohan , Himangshu Sharma , Tummepalli Anka Chandrahas Purushotham Gupta

Legal judgment prediction is essential for enhancing judicial efficiency. In this work, we identify that existing large language models (LLMs) underperform in this domain due to challenges in understanding case complexities and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Chenlong Deng , Kelong Mao , Yuyao Zhang , Zhicheng Dou

Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) is the task of automatically predicting a law case's judgment results given a text describing its facts, which has excellent prospects in judicial assistance systems and convenient services for the public. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Nuo Xu , Pinghui Wang , Long Chen , Li Pan , Xiaoyan Wang , Junzhou Zhao

Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) predicts applicable law articles, charges, and penalty terms from case facts. Beyond accuracy, LJP calls for intrinsically interpretable and legally grounded reasoning that can reconcile statutory rules with…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Hui Liao , Chuan Qin , Yongwen Ren , Hao Li , Zhenya Huang , Yanyong Zhang , Chao Wang

Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) aims to predict judgment outcomes based on case description. Several researchers have developed techniques to assist potential clients by predicting the outcome in the legal profession. However, none of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Salwa Abbara , Mona Hafez , Aya Kazzaz , Areej Alhothali , Alhanouf Alsolami

Legal judgment prediction (LJP) aims to function as a judge by making final rulings based on case claims and facts, which plays a vital role in the judicial domain for supporting court decision-making and improving judicial efficiency.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Weijie Shi , Han Zhu , Jiaming Ji , Mengze Li , Jipeng Zhang , Ruiyuan Zhang , Jia Zhu , Jiajie Xu , Sirui Han , Yike Guo

Legal judgment prediction offers a compelling method to aid legal practitioners and researchers. However, the research question remains relatively under-explored: Should multiple defendants and charges be treated separately in LJP? To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Xiao Wang , Jiahuan Pei , Diancheng Shui , Zhiguang Han , Xin Sun , Dawei Zhu , Xiaoyu Shen

Evaluating large language model (LLM) outputs in the legal domain presents unique challenges due to the complex and nuanced nature of legal analysis. Current evaluation approaches either depend on reference data, which is costly to produce,…

The research field of Legal Natural Language Processing (NLP) has been very active recently, with Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) becoming one of the most extensively studied tasks. To date, most publicly released LJP datasets originate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Gil Semo , Dor Bernsohn , Ben Hagag , Gila Hayat , Joel Niklaus

Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) aims to automatically predict judgment results, such as charges, relevant law articles, and the term of penalty. It plays a vital role in legal assistant systems and has become a popular research topic in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Lianxin Song , Xiaohui Han , Guangqi Liu , Wentong Wang , Chaoran Cui , Yilong Yin

Legal consultation question answering (Legal CQA) presents unique challenges compared to traditional legal QA tasks, including the scarcity of high-quality training data, complex task composition, and strong contextual dependencies. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Mingfei Lu , Yi Zhang , Mengjia Wu , Yue Feng

Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) has emerged as a key area in AI for law, aiming to automate judicial outcome forecasting and enhance interpretability in legal reasoning. While previous approaches in the Indian context have relied on…

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