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The Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) is to determine judgment results based on the fact descriptions of the cases. LJP usually consists of multiple subtasks, such as applicable law articles prediction, charges prediction, and the term of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-09 Wenmian Yang , Weijia Jia , XIaojie Zhou , Yutao Luo

Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) is a pivotal task in legal AI. Existing semantic-enhanced LJP models integrate judicial precedents and legal knowledge for high performance. But they neglect legal reasoning logic, a critical component of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Yue Zhang , Zhiliang Tian , Shicheng Zhou , Haiyang Wang , Wenqing Hou , Yuying Liu , Xuechen Zhao , Minlie Huang , Ye Wang , Bin Zhou

Automatic judgment prediction aims to predict the judicial results based on case materials. It has been studied for several decades mainly by lawyers and judges, considered as a novel and prospective application of artificial intelligence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-19 Shangbang Long , Cunchao Tu , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) is a fundamental task of legal artificial intelligence, aiming to automatically predict the judgment outcomes of legal cases. Existing LJP models primarily focus on identifying legal triggers within criminal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Buqiang Xu , Xin Dai , Zhenghao Liu , Huiyuan Xie , Xiaoyuan Yi , Shuo Wang , Yukun Yan , Liner Yang , Yu Gu , Ge Yu

Legal judgment prediction (LJP) has become increasingly important in the legal field. In this paper, we identify that existing large language models (LLMs) have significant problems of insufficient reasoning due to a lack of legal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Xinyu Yang , Chenlong Deng , Zhicheng Dou

Mainstream methods for Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) based on Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) heavily rely on the statistical correlation between case facts and judgment results. This paradigm lacks explicit modeling of legal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yuzhi Liang , Lixiang Ma , Xinrong Zhu

Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) has become a core benchmark for evaluating AI in the criminal legal domain, but it only sees criminal cases that have already passed prosecutorial review and been formally indicted. As a result, LJP leaves a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Junyu Lu , Qi Wei , Peishuo Zheng , Jie Zhang , Hui Huang , Qianru Wang , Chuan Xiao , Jianbin Qin , Shuyuan Zheng

In recent years,the entire field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) has enjoyed amazing novel results achieving almost human-like performance on a variety of tasks. Legal NLP domain has also been part of this process, as it has seen an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Mihai Masala , Traian Rebedea , Horia Velicu

Legal mathematical reasoning is essential for applying large language models (LLMs) in high-stakes legal contexts, where outputs must be both mathematically accurate and procedurally compliant. However, existing legal LLMs lack structured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Kepu Zhang , Guofu Xie , Weijie Yu , Mingyue Xu , Xu Tang , Yaxin Li , Jun Xu

Current evaluation methods for large language models (LLMs) primarily rely on static benchmarks, presenting two major challenges: limited knowledge coverage and fixed difficulties that mismatch with the evaluated LLMs. These limitations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Zhichao Shi , Xuhui Jiang , Chengjin Xu , Cangli Yao , Shengjia Ma , Yinghan Shen , Zixuan Li , Jian Guo , Yuanzhuo Wang

In the rapidly evolving field of legal analytics, finding relevant cases and accurately predicting judicial outcomes are challenging because of the complexity of legal language, which often includes specialized terminology, complex syntax,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Dong Shu , Haoran Zhao , Xukun Liu , David Demeter , Mengnan Du , Yongfeng Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across diverse domains, yet they still encounter challenges such as insufficient domain-specific knowledge, biases, and hallucinations. This underscores the need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Hongliu Cao , Ilias Driouich , Robin Singh , Eoin Thomas

Legal Article Prediction (LAP) is a critical task in legal text classification, leveraging natural language processing (NLP) techniques to automatically predict relevant legal articles based on the fact descriptions of cases. As a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Xiao Chi , Wenlin Zhong , Yiquan Wu , Wei Wang , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu , Minghui Xiong

In many jurisdictions, the excessive workload of courts leads to high delays. Suitable predictive AI models can assist legal professionals in their work, and thus enhance and speed up the process. So far, Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Joel Niklaus , Ilias Chalkidis , Matthias Stürmer

Legal judgment prediction is the task of automatically predicting the outcome of a court case, given a text describing the case's facts. Previous work on using neural models for this task has focused on Chinese; only feature-based models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Ilias Chalkidis , Ion Androutsopoulos , Nikolaos Aletras

Recent years have witnessed the prosperity of legal artificial intelligence with the development of technologies. In this paper, we propose a novel legal application of legal provision prediction (LPP), which aims to predict the related…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Luoqiu Li , Zhen Bi , Hongbin Ye , Shumin Deng , Hui Chen , Huaixiao Tou

This paper introduces a Korean legal judgment prediction (LJP) dataset for insurance disputes. Successful LJP models on insurance disputes can benefit insurance companies and their customers. It can save both sides' time and money by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Alice Saebom Kwak , Cheonkam Jeong , Ji Weon Lim , Byeongcheol Min

In legal practice, judges apply the trichotomous dogmatics of criminal law, sequentially assessing the elements of the offense, unlawfulness, and culpability to determine whether an individual's conduct constitutes a crime. Although current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Kepu Zhang , Haoyue Yang , Xu Tang , Weijie Yu , Jun Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown exceptional capabilities in Natural Language Processing (NLP) across diverse domains. However, their application in specialized tasks such as Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) for low-resource languages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Mohamed Bayan Kmainasi , Ali Ezzat Shahroor , Amani Al-Ghraibah

Legal systems worldwide continue to struggle with overwhelming caseloads, limited judicial resources, and growing complexities in legal proceedings. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers a promising solution, with Legal Judgment Prediction…