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AI agents promise to serve as general-purpose personal assistants for their users, which requires them to have access to private user data (e.g., personal and financial information). This poses a serious risk to security and privacy.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Robert Stanley , Avi Verma , Lillian Tsai , Konstantinos Kallas , Sam Kumar

As LLM agents gain a greater capacity to cause harm, AI developers might increasingly rely on control measures such as monitoring to justify that they are safe. We sketch how developers could construct a "control safety case", which is a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Tomek Korbak , Joshua Clymer , Benjamin Hilton , Buck Shlegeris , Geoffrey Irving

Automated intrusion-style workflows require LLM agents to reason over partial observations, tool outputs, and executable artifacts under bounded budgets. A single LLM instance often compresses evidence extraction, planning, execution, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Minfeng Qi , Tianqing Zhu , Zijie Xu , Congcong Zhu , Qin Wang , Wanlei Zhou

Computer-use agents face a fundamental limitation. They rely exclusively on primitive GUI actions (click, type, scroll), creating brittle execution chains prone to cascading failures. While API-driven agents harness rich capabilities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yuhao Yang , Zhen Yang , Zi-Yi Dou , Anh Nguyen , Keen You , Omar Attia , Andrew Szot , Michael Feng , Ram Ramrakhya , Alexander Toshev , Chao Huang , Yinfei Yang , Zhe Gan

AI-based systems leverage recent advances in the field of AI/ML by combining traditional software systems with AI components. Applications are increasingly being developed in this way. Software engineers can usually rely on a plethora of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Simon Schneider , Ananya Saha , Emanuele Mezzi , Katja Tuma , Riccardo Scandariato

Multi-agent systems (MAS) powered by artificial intelligence (AI) are increasingly foundational to complex, distributed workflows. Yet, the security of their underlying communication protocols remains critically under-examined. This paper…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Yedidel Louck , Ariel Stulman , Amit Dvir

Agentic AI coding assistants can edit files, run commands, and access the internet on behalf of developers. However, their reliance on unvetted external artifacts introduces a new attack vector. Hidden instructions in external artifacts can…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yue Liu , Yanjie Zhao , Yunbo Lyu , Ting Zhang , Haoyu Wang , David Lo

Embodied Artificial Intelligence (Embodied AI) integrates perception, cognition, planning, and interaction into agents that operate in open-world, safety-critical environments. As these systems gain autonomy and enter domains such as…

Recently, the outstanding performance reached by neural networks in many tasks has led to their deployment in autonomous systems, such as robots and vehicles. However, neural networks are not yet trustworthy, being prone to different types…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-26 Federico Nesti , Niko Salamini , Mauro Marinoni , Giorgio Maria Cicero , Gabriele Serra , Alessandro Biondi , Giorgio Buttazzo

Potential malicious misuse of civilian artificial intelligence (AI) poses serious threats to security on a national and international level. Besides defining autonomous systems from a technological viewpoint and explaining how AI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Lukas Pöhler , Valentin Schrader , Alexander Ladwein , Florian von Keller

In order to counter the various threats manifested by Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) adequately, specialized Counter Unmanned Aircraft Systems (C-UAS) are required. Enhancing C-UAS with Emerging and Disruptive Technologies (EDTs) such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Liisa Janssens , Laura Middeldorp

Applications that fuse machine learning and simulation can benefit from the use of multiple computing resources, with, for example, simulation codes running on highly parallel supercomputers and AI training and inference tasks on…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Logan Ward , J. Gregory Pauloski , Valerie Hayot-Sasson , Ryan Chard , Yadu Babuji , Ganesh Sivaraman , Sutanay Choudhury , Kyle Chard , Rajeev Thakur , Ian Foster

$\textit{Embedded agents}$ are not explicitly separated from their environment, lacking clear I/O channels. Such agents can reason about and modify their internal parts, which they are incentivized to shortcut or $\textit{wirehead}$ in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-06-24 Arushi Majha , Sayan Sarkar , Davide Zagami

Collaborative AI systems (CAISs) aim at working together with humans in a shared space to achieve a common goal. This critical setting yields hazardous circumstances that could harm human beings. Thus, building such systems with strong…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Jubril Gbolahan Adigun , Matteo Camilli , Michael Felderer , Andrea Giusti , Dominik T Matt , Anna Perini , Barbara Russo , Angelo Susi

Repurposing large vision-language models (LVLMs) as computer use agents (CUAs) has led to substantial breakthroughs, primarily driven by human-labeled data. However, these models often struggle with novel and specialized software,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Zeyi Sun , Ziyu Liu , Yuhang Zang , Yuhang Cao , Xiaoyi Dong , Tong Wu , Dahua Lin , Jiaqi Wang

AI agents aim to solve complex tasks by combining text-based reasoning with external tool calls. Unfortunately, AI agents are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks where data returned by external tools hijacks the agent to execute…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Edoardo Debenedetti , Jie Zhang , Mislav Balunović , Luca Beurer-Kellner , Marc Fischer , Florian Tramèr

The emergence of agentic Artificial Intelligence (AI), which can operate autonomously, demonstrate goal-directed behavior, and adaptively learn, indicates the onset of a massive change in today's computing infrastructure. This study…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Nauman Ali Murad , Safia Baloch

Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) are a feature of modern central processing units (CPUs) that aim to provide a high assurance, isolated environment in which to run workloads that demand both confidentiality and integrity. Hardware and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Arttu Paju , Muhammad Owais Javed , Juha Nurmi , Juha Savimäki , Brian McGillion , Billy Bob Brumley

Today, many organizations are moving their computing services towards the Cloud. This makes their computer processing available much more conveniently to users. However, it also brings new security threats and challenges about safety and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2012-03-16 Hassen Mohammed Alsafi , Wafaa Mustafa Abduallah , Al-Sakib Khan Pathan

This paper introduces a dynamic and actionable framework for securing agentic AI systems in enterprise deployment. We contend that safety and security are not merely fixed attributes of individual models but also emergent properties arising…