In order to counter the various threats manifested by Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) adequately, specialized Counter Unmanned Aircraft Systems (C-UAS) are required. Enhancing C-UAS with Emerging and Disruptive Technologies (EDTs) such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) can lead to more effective countermeasures. In this paper a scenario-based method is applied to C-UAS augmented with Machine Learning (ML), a subset of AI, that can enhance signal processing capabilities. Via the scenarios-based method we frame in this paper probability hacking as a challenge and identify requirements which can be implemented in existing Rule of Law mechanisms to prevent probability hacking. These requirements strengthen the trustworthiness of the C-UAS, which feed into justified trust - a key to successful Human-Autonomy Teaming, in civil and military contexts. Index Terms: C-UAS, Scenario-based method, Emerging and Disruptive Technologies, Probability hacking, Trustworthiness.
@article{arxiv.2602.08086,
title = {Probability Hacking and the Design of Trustworthy ML for Signal Processing in C-UAS: A Scenario Based Method},
author = {Liisa Janssens and Laura Middeldorp},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.08086},
year = {2026}
}
Comments
6 pages, Pre-publication. Copyright 2026 IEEE. Peer Reviewed. Accepted at ICASSP 2026 - 2026 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), scheduled for 3-8 May 2026 in Barcelona, Spain