Related papers: Stratified-turbulence observations in the deep Med…
In the stably stratified ocean, small-scale turbulence is important for vertical exchange and hence for the mixing of water masses and suspended matter. To observationally study turbulent motions and the buoyancy- and shear-generators…
Vertically stable in density, stratified-water conditions 'SW' exist in the deep Mediterranean Sea that are characterized by temperature differences of 0.0002-0.01degrC over 125 m above a flat seafloor. These result in a mean buoyancy…
Like elsewhere in the deep-sea, life in the deep Mediterranean depends on turbulent exchange across the stable vertical density stratification for supply of nutrients and oxygen. Commonly modelled, turbulent exchange is inversely…
Very weakly density-stratified, near-homogeneous 'NH' conditions are found in the deep Western Mediterranean Sea. Under these conditions, over vertical ranges of several hundreds of meters water temperature varies only a few 0.0001degrC and…
Turbulence is indispensable to redistribute nutrients for all life forms larger than microbial, on land and in the ocean. Yet, the development of deep-sea turbulence was not studied in three dimensions to date. As a disproportionate…
Turbulent and internal wave motions are important for the exchange of momentum, heat and suspended matter in the deep-sea which is generally stably stratified in density. Turbulence-generation models involve shear of vertical current…
Growing evidence is found in observations and numerical modelling of the importance of steep seafloor topography for turbulent diapycnal mixing leading to redistribution of suspended matter and nutrients, especially in waters with abundant…
Knowledge about deep-ocean turbulent mixing and flow circulation above abyssal hilly plains is important to quantify processes for the modelling of resuspension and dispersal of sediments in areas where turbulence sources are expected to be…
Turbulent water motions are important for the exchange of momentum, heat, nutrients, and suspended matter including sediments in the deep-sea that is generally stably stratified in density. To maintain ocean-density stratification, an…
The deep sea is weakly stratified in density but shows considerable variations in turbulent motions in all three directions. When registered by moored high-resolution temperature 'T'-sensors, the motions cause variations of 0.01degrC or…
It may be important to precisely know heights of moored oceanographic instrumentation. For example, moorings can be closely spaced or accidentally be located on small rocks or in small gullies. Height variations O(1 m) will yield…
Deep water circulation and mixing processes in deep lakes are largely unknown, although they are responsible for the transport of matter, nutrients and pollutants. Such a lack of knowledge cannot be reliably provided by numerical…
The redistribution of matter in the deep-sea depends on water-flow currents and turbulent exchange, for which breaking internal waves are an important source. As internal waves and turbulence are essentially three-dimensional 3D, their…
A one-year time series of moored high-resolution temperature T-sensor data from 1455 m depth on a 3900 m long line in about 5300 m of water in the NE-Atlantic Canary Basin are dominated by salinity (over-)compensated intrusions arising from…
Vertically 0.042-m-spaced moored high-resolution temperature sensors are used for detailed internal wave-turbulence monitoring near Texel North Sea and Wadden Sea beaches on calm summer days. In the maximum 2 m deep waters irregular…
Turbulent mixing processes in deep alpine Lake Garda (I) have not extensively been observed. Knowledge about drivers of turbulent fluxes are important for insights in the transport of matter, nutrients and pollutants, in the lake and in…
We present a detailed analysis of the temperature statistics in an oceanographic observational dataset. The data are collected using a moored array of thermistors, 100 m tall and starting 5 m above the bottom, deployed during four months…
There is a clear distinction between simple laminar and complex turbulent fluids. But in some cases, as for the nocturnal planetary boundary layer, a stable and well-ordered flow can develop intense and sporadic bursts of turbulent activity…
We study experimentally temperature fluctuations in stably stratified forced turbulence in air flow. In the experiments with an imposed vertical temperature gradient, the turbulence is produced by two oscillating grids located nearby the…
The inertial subrange of turbulence in a density stratified environment is the transition from internal waves to isotropic turbulence, but it is unclear how to interpret its extension to anisotropic stratified turbulence. Knowledge about…