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Affective interaction is not merely about recognizing emotions; it is an embodied, situated process shaped by context and co-created through interaction. In affective computing, the role of haptic feedback within dynamic emotional exchanges…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Qiaoqiao Ren , Tony Belpaeme

Conversational agents (CAs) are increasingly embedded in daily life, yet their ability to navigate user emotions efficiently is still evolving. This study investigates how users with varying traits -- gender, personality, and cultural…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yuchong Zhang , Yong Ma , Di Fu , Stephanie Zubicueta Portales , Morten Fjeld , Danica Kragic

A central challenge in affective computing is determining appropriate empathy levels for different interaction contexts. Prior work has characterized two poles: task-focused interactions, where empathy demand is near zero, and emotional…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Tao Wang , Chi-Ching Juan

Artificial agents capable of understanding and aligning with others' intentions are essential for safe and socially robust artificial intelligence. We introduce a computational framework for empathy in active inference agents, grounded in…

As the use of interactive AI systems becomes increasingly prevalent in our daily lives, it is crucial to understand how individuals feel when interacting with such systems. In this work, we investigate the comfort level of individuals when…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Yi Ru Wang , Jiafei Duan , Sidharth Talia , Hao Zhu

AI design characteristics and human personality traits each impact the quality and outcomes of human-AI interactions. However, their relative and joint impacts are underexplored in imperfectly cooperative scenarios, where people and AI only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Myke C. Cohen , Mingqian Zheng , Neel Bhandari , Hsien-Te Kao , Xuhui Zhou , Daniel Nguyen , Laura Cassani , Maarten Sap , Svitlana Volkova

Artificial intelligence systems increasingly generate text intended to provide social and emotional support. Understanding how users perceive empathic qualities in such content is therefore critical. We examined differences in perceived…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Jonas Festor , Ivo Snels , Bennett Kleinberg

Nowadays, touch remains essential for emotional conveyance and interpersonal communication as more interactions are mediated remotely. While many studies have discussed the effectiveness of using haptics to communicate emotions,…

Considered the increasing use of assistive technologies in the shape of virtual agents, it is necessary to investigate those factors which characterize and affect the interaction between the user and the agent, among these emerges the way…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Terry Amorese , Marialucia Cuciniello , Alessandro Vinciarelli , Gennaro Cordasco , Anna Esposito

Individual differences in personality determine our preferences, traits and values, which should similarly hold for the way we express ourselves. With current advancements and transformations of technology and society, text-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Atieh Kashani , Johannes Pfau , Magy Seif El-Nasr

As AI technology develops, trust in AI agents is becoming more important for more AI applications in human society. Possible ways to improve the trust relationship include empathy, success-failure series, and capability (performance).…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Takahiro Tsumura , Seiji Yamada

This paper presents a study of the dynamic coupling between a user and a virtual character during body interaction. Coupling is directly linked with other dimensions, such as co-presence, engagement, and believability, and was measured in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2014-09-22 Elisabetta Bevacqua , Sankovic Igor , Maatalaoui Ayoub , A. Nédélec , Pierre De Loor

The creation of virtual humans increasingly leverages automated synthesis of speech and gestures, enabling expressive, adaptable agents that effectively engage users. However, the independent development of voice and gesture generation…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Haoyang Du , Kiran Chhatre , Christopher Peters , Brian Keegan , Rachel McDonnell , Cathy Ennis

In the context of education technology, empathic interaction with the user and feedback by the learning system using multiple inputs such as video, voice and text inputs is an important area of research. In this paper, a nonintrusive,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-16 S L Happy , A. Dasgupta , P. Patnaik , A. Routray

As people increasingly seek emotional support and companionship from AI chatbots, understanding how such interactions impact mental well-being becomes critical. We conducted a four-week randomized controlled experiment (n=981, >300k…

We introduce the concept of "empathic grounding" in conversational agents as an extension of Clark's conceptualization of grounding in conversation in which the grounding criterion includes listener empathy for the speaker's affective…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Mehdi Arjmand , Farnaz Nouraei , Ian Steenstra , Timothy Bickmore

Incorporating multi-sensory cues into Virtual Reality (VR) can significantly enhance user experiences, mirroring the multi-sensory interactions we encounter in the real-world. Olfaction plays a crucial role in shaping impressions when…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Dongyun Han , Siyeon Bak , So-Hui Kim , Kangsoo Kim , Sun-Jeong Kim , Isaac Cho

The rise of autonomous systems in cities, such as automated vehicles (AVs), requires new approaches for prototyping and evaluating how people interact with those systems through context-based user interfaces, such as external human-machine…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Marius Hoggenmueller , Martin Tomitsch , Luke Hespanhol , Tram Thi Minh Tran , Stewart Worrall , Eduardo Nebot

Empathy is a cognitive and emotional reaction to an observed situation of others. Empathy has recently attracted interest because it has numerous applications in psychology and AI, but it is unclear how different forms of empathy (e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Damilola Omitaomu , Shabnam Tafreshi , Tingting Liu , Sven Buechel , Chris Callison-Burch , Johannes Eichstaedt , Lyle Ungar , João Sedoc

Virtual and augmented reality communication platforms are seen as promising modalities for next-generation remote face-to-face interactions. Our study attempts to explore non-verbal communication features in relation to their conversation…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-04-10 Mohammad Keshavarzi , Michael Wu , Michael N. Chin , Robert N. Chin , Allen Y. Yang