Related papers: Optimal Anytime-Valid Tests for Composite Nulls

We consider an ultra-weak first order system discretization of the Helmholtz equation. When employing the optimal test norm, the `ideal' method yields the best approximation to the pair of the Helmholtz solution and its scaled gradient…

Heavy-tailed combination tests, such as the Cauchy combination test and harmonic mean p-value method, are widely used for testing global null hypotheses by aggregating dependent p-values. However, their theoretical guarantees under general…

We prove that unless P=NP, there exists no polynomial time (or even pseudo-polynomial time) algorithm that can test whether the optimal value of a nonlinear optimization problem where the objective and constraints are given by low-degree…

The log-rank test is most powerful under proportional hazards (PH). In practice, non-PH patterns are often observed in clinical trials, such as in immuno-oncology; therefore, alternative methods are needed to restore the efficiency of…

We study the optimal lower and upper complexity bounds for finding approximate solutions to the composite problem $\min_x\ f(x)+h(Ax-b)$, where $f$ is smooth and $h$ is convex. Given access to the proximal operator of $h$, for strongly…

In this paper some new properties and computational tools for finding KL-optimum designs are provided. KL-optimality is a general criterion useful to select the best experimental conditions to discriminate between statistical models. A…

$P$-values that are derived from continuously distributed test statistics are typically uniformly distributed on $(0,1)$ under least favorable parameter configurations (LFCs) in the null hypothesis. Conservativeness of a $p$-value $P$…

The small sample universal hypothesis testing problem is investigated in this paper, in which the number of samples $n$ is smaller than the number of possible outcomes $m$. The goal of this work is to find an appropriate criterion to…

Complete reliance on the fitted model in response surface experiments is risky and relaxing this assumption, whether out of necessity or intentionally, requires an experimenter to account for multiple conflicting objectives. This work…

The model-X conditional randomization test is a generic framework for conditional independence testing, unlocking new possibilities to discover features that are conditionally associated with a response of interest while controlling type-I…

In high-contrast composites, the electric (or stress) field may exhibit significant amplification in the narrow region between inclusions. The behavior of the solution depends on the distance $\epsilon$ between the inclusions, which tends…

The e-value is swiftly rising in prominence in many applications of hypothesis testing and multiple testing, yet its relationship to classical testing theory remains elusive. We unify e-values and classical testing into a single 'continuous…

Simultaneously testing $K$ hypotheses while controlling the family-wise error rate is a fundamental problem in statistics. Existing procedures (Bonferroni, Holm, Hochberg, Hommel) provide valid control but sacrifice power, increasingly so…

The optimal power flow (OPF) is an optimization model dedicated to the development of computational tools used for the planning and operation of electric power systems (EPS). In this work, based on the polar formulation, an extended convex…

We derive a new class of statistical tests for generalized linear models based on thresholding point estimators. These tests can be employed whether the model includes more parameters than observations or not. For linear models, our tests…

In traditional hypothesis testing one must pre-specify the significance level $\alpha$ to bound the `size' of the test: its probability to falsely reject the hypothesis. Indeed, a data-dependent selection of $\alpha$ would generally distort…

Let $X_1,X_2,...$ be a discrete-time stochastic process with a distribution $P_\theta$, $\theta\in\Theta$, where $\Theta$ is an open subset of the real line. We consider the problem of testing a simple hypothesis $H_0:$ $\theta=\theta_0$…

We characterize the maximal attainable power-size gap in overidentified instrumental variables models with heteroskedastic or autocorrelated (HAC) errors. Using total variation distance and Kraft's theorem, we define the decision theoretic…

We consider an unknown response function $f$ defined on $\Delta=[0,1]^d$, $1\le d\le\infty$, taken at $n$ random uniform design points and observed with Gaussian noise of known variance. Given a positive sequence $r_n\to 0$ as $n\to\infty$…

The composite $L_q~(0<q<1)$ minimization problem over a general polyhedron has received various applications in machine learning, wireless communications, image restoration, signal reconstruction, etc. This paper aims to provide a…